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RACE AND ETHNICITY STUDY GUIDEChapter 1- Basic Conceptsdominant group- majority group for the racial or ethnic group with the greatest power and resources in a societyethnocentrism- the belief in the inherent superiority of ones own ethnic group or culture, a tendency to view alien groups or cultures from the perspective of one’s ownstereotype-an overgeneralization associated with a racial or ethnic category that goes beyond existing evidencediscrimination-actions carried out by members of dominant groups, or their representatives, that have a differential and harmful effect on members of subordinate groupsChapter 3 – English AmericansThe Dominant culture and U.S. institutions-since almost all of the colonies were founded by Englishmen, they adopted English models in their laws, constitutions, educational system, social structure and cultural pursuits-religious diversity, democratic, language-Language, Religion, Education, Political Institutions, Office holding, Economic InstitutionsChapter 4 – Africans /African Americans“Exodus Northward”- demographic change in the distribution of black people, moved north, into urban areas, searching for better economic opportunities! -Great Migration-1865-1960s, about 6 million, go to Boston, Chicago, New Yorkslave codes-laws that defined the low position of slaves- not being able to get education, marriage not recognized, can’t leave w/out pass etc.! 1.slave could not marry or meet w/ free black! 2.marriage between slaves not recognized! 3.slave can’t legally buy or sell! 4.couldn’t have weapons or liquor! 5.can’t quarrel or talk abusively with Whites! 6.can’t have property! 7.can’t have a will or inherit! 8.can’t make contract to hire themselves out! 9.can’t leave plantation w/out pass! 10.can’t teach them, or give them a book! 11.no gambling! 12.obey curfews! 13.can’t testify except against another slave13th Amendment -abolished slavery throughout the US, 186514th Amendment - made them citizens, gave them right to life, liberty, property, 186615th Amendment -all citizens have the right to vote, 1869The Black Codes- limited basic human rights and civil liberties of blacks, after civil war! -may only own land/lease in towns/cities (mississippi)! -must have home or employment! -may be carried back to employer if they violate a contract! -can’t come together! -can’t be with a white womanChapter 5 – Irish Americans“Scotch-Irish”- certain immigrants from northern Ireland, some of whose ancestors are said to have immigrated to Ireland from ScotlandThe Ape Image-animal like stereotype, a part of cartoons that used a fighting stance, ape face, whiskey and a club to portray the Irish, a threat to politicsIrish Political bosses and machines-set up to help Irish have some political power to change things, providing jobs was a critical functionTammany Hall- one of the first political machines, in New York, the Irish took it overWilliam M. “Boss” Tweed- urban leader who represented the underdog, identified with the poor, WASPS saw him as greedy and corrupt, from TammanyChapter 5 – Primary Sources:“Poor Pat Must Emigrate”-song that discusses the push factors of Ireland- such as famine, loss of a liberator, rent and taxes too high, driven from their homes, overpopulationPolitical Cartoons-see that they were violent, wasps afraid of them taking over, poor, drunks, savages, ape faces, religion-catholics-vampiresKEY TERMS FROM THE LECTURES:Assimilation-entirely give up old culture, fit into new dominant cultureAcculturation- accepting that you’re in a new culture, try to fit in but don’t give up everythingUn-Assimilate-able- people we have decided cannot assimilate-lives in ethnic enclaves etc.Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798-Naturalization Act-citizenship is 5-14 yrsAlien Enemies and Friends Acts- could deport anyone from country us was warring with or they considered dangerous to the peace of usDeportation- can never come back to USCivil War-1861-1865, over slavery, 180,000 African Americans foughtEmancipation Proclamation-Lincoln made the war about ending slavery, freed all slaves but south wasn’t under it at the timeReconstruction-1865-1877-had to bring south back after being destroyed, make it apart of the union, what to do with freedmenFreedmen-former slavesThirteenth Amendment (1865)-freed slavesFourteenth Amendment (1868)-citizensFifteenth Amendment (1870)-right to voteSharecropping-plantations divided up so they work a piece of the land and give portion of crop to owner, pay for rent of land, second year they have to give double, go into debt, tied to family, like slavery, then it’s declared illegalTenant Farming-have to pay money instead of crop, and black price for crops is lower so they actually have to give more, cycle of povertyPoll Tax, Literacy Tests, Grandfather Clause-set up to keep them from voting because its too expensive, they can’t read, and their grandparents didn’t vote because they were’nt allowed thenGreat Migrations-(1865-1960’s) most didn’t move because they didn’t have enough money and were stuck by sharecropping-250,000 go west cowboys-go north because of jobs-industrial revolution-Chicago, Boston, New York-6 million leave southSegregation- separate but equalImportance to Civil Rights Movement- wouldn’t have happened w/out Great MigrationFrom Immigration from Ireland Lecture:Four Factors of Success – Money, Numbers, Location and StereotypesProblems with England – Henry VIII – “King of Ireland,” James I- taking over, invasion -Henry 8 colonizes and says their culture doesn’t exist, switch to Protestant-James I puts Ireland down economically and gives away their plantations to to friendsPlantation System – Plantation of Ulster- gives away Irish plantations to friends from Ulster, had to work for someone else, less workers needed b/c plantations were huge for sheepUlster Scots- people who took over- Scots-IrishTenant Farmers-worked someone else’s land that was once theirsPenal Laws- Irish black codes- no education, speaking Irish, can’t be Catholic, can’t voteOverpopulation-plantations take 1/10 workers, too many people to be supportedUlster-Scots/ Scots-Irish (or in readings Scotch-Irish)Four Factors of Success! 1.money-have some, voluntary! 2.location-“Backcountry” - Appalachian Mountains- move here! 3.numbers-250,000 came! 4.stereotypes-violent, poor, drunksStereotypes:!-violent: hated English, helped fight war, children given


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FSU AMH 2097 - RACE AND ETHNICITY STUDY GUIDE

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