Immigration from Germany:•German-Americans - Model Immigrant•Largest Immigration to the US •Continuous•No such thing as “Germany” or “German.”•Made up of city-states and each are controlled differently. Religion, culture and lan-guage.•Unification in 1871•Immigration in all Waves•Different in each wave. •Diverse group.German Stereotypes:•Myth of the “Pennsylvania Dutch.” •Not dutch at all.•Land in Pennsylvania because it’s open to all. •White, saxon and protestant.•Skilled, hard workers - •Hamburgers, hotdogs, beer, Santa Clause, pretzels and white fences all German.•True for all? No.19th Century Immigration - First Wave•Immigrated as families.•Largest group•6 million people from 1820-1914.•Diverse•Religions - catholic, lutheran and Jewish. •Classes - money•Singles and families.•What Made Them Leave? •Political - mainly upper class - Revolutions of 1848, conscription laws.•Economic - industrial revolution, potato blight, taxes - middle class. German crafts-men come. Bring beer and piano making. Lower class - potato blight. Taxes af-fected everybody•Religion• Why America?•Land - they knew we had land.•Gottfried Duden (1829) talks good about the midwest. Railroads. Sells land around the railroad to get them to move. •Jobs - hired first because they had a good stereotype.•Location•Settled based on religion and class.•Upper/Middle Class•Mid west - ethnic enclaves•“German Triangle” - Cincinnati, Milwaukee, St. Louis. Largest ethnic enclave in the mid west. Still like that today.•Lower Class•Lower east side, NYC•Boston•Mixes with other groups19th Century German-American Life:•Upper/Middle •Farming•Beer and Pianos - beer master (knows how to make it, what it tastes like, etc.)•Beer needs crops from the upper class.•Everyone likes beer. Pianos were entertainment. •No assimilation.•Lower Class•Factories - main work available. Due to their good stereotype, they got the best jobsin the factory. •Social Clubs - many of them. •Both Classes set up…•Parochial schools•Newspapers - printed in German. Also about news in Germany. All these things stop assimilation. Model Immigrants:•Said all immigrants should be like Germans. Good stereotype, move far away, have money… but this only lasted for a short time.20th Century - WWI - End of the Model?•World War I - Germans know all about it. Germans and English courted us to get us to join sides and get in the war. British lie about the Germans. •Propaganda - Yellow Journalism - posters hung talking about the Germans. Start calling them “Huns.” Called black (internally). We go into war on the British sideand help them to win. •US Reaction - •“Pumped-up Patriotism” - we stop using anything linked to Germans. For example, we stop drinking beer, stop playing pianos, burn German books and newspapers.•German-American Response -•Hyper-Assimilation - changed quickly. For example the political cartoon about “John Smith” and the store. •World War II•Hitler/Nazi Germany - socialist/patriotic movement. Germans try to warn America about Hitler. They try to get Hitler out. America has nothing to do with it but the Germans volunteer to fight against Germany. Also started reporting again Hitler, not about Germans. •The Alien Registration Act of 1940 - does not apply to German-Americans. Amer-ica is not even in the war yet when this is passed - 300,000 Germans registered. “Alien Enemy Registration Card.”•Internment - 11,000 seen as enemies. Not true. German-Americans Today:•58 Million today (17%)•Assimilation and acculturation.•Ethnic enclaves. JewsJewish Immigration to America;•What makes them unique? · They have thousands of years of hatred towards them. Homeland to International People- Nationality to Ethnicity· Jerusalem (Israel)•This is the Jews Promised Land. Jerusalem is the main place for Jews. This placehas their main temple. · Rome•Controlled most of the ancient world at this time. •The Romans allowed Jews to practice their religion but practice Roman laws. •Romans started fighting with the Jewish people. · Destruction of the Templeo Romans destroy the temple and expel the Jews out of their homeland. · Jewish Diaspora – 70 AD •The expulsion of Jews is called the Jewish Diaspora. •After the Jewish Diaspora, Jews begin to migrate elsewhere.•FORCED MIGRATION! •Living as a minority under Christians.Problems with Jews/Judaism or Stereotypes: · Hated by Christians- Anti-Semitism – “Anti-Jew”· Religion•Killers of Christ – Christians consider the Jews to be the Killers of Christ. Christ=son of God. •Smite – the idea that God is smiting his own people (Christians) because they al-low the Jews to live happily. •EX: Black Plague – sent by god as a destruction tool because they allowed Jews to live amongst them happily. During the Black Plague 1/3 of Europe died. Not the Jews. •EX: In America Christians believed that Jews were being smited. God brought on the Great Depression. Jews did not suffer but Christians did. •The reason anything bad happens to a Christian or Protestant. •Gospels•Jewish Faith – Torah/Talmud•Torah- history of Jewish people. Starting with Genesis. History and word of God. •Talmud- Scholarly book written by scholars (Rabis). They read and interpret Torah. Break up the Torah. How to praise God, etc. The way that Jews practice their faith. Development of massive stereotypes. •Jewish Traditions•Dress- traditionally a more conservative type of dress. •Orthodox Jews- following the rules of the Torah and Talmud to the T. •Eating Habits- Kosher•What they can and cannot eat. •A particular way of killing animals. •Only eating certain animals•Only eating certain parts of animals. •Separate certain foods. No meat and milk together. •Different plates, dishwashers, kitchens. •Language- •Speak the language of their country and also speak Hebrew. •Hebrew is the traditional language of the Torah and Talmud. They only speak Hebrew in the Temple. •Develop a third language for Jews who speak different languages to come to-gether and speak. Hebrew words with Slavic ways of speaking. •Synagogue- •Modern word for Jewish temple. •Very different from a Church. There are not crosses. No stained glass windows, or statues of Mary.•The synagogue is segregated- men and women cannot sit
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