Terms listExam 1AMH 2097 sec. 3Gradual Emancipation: After Revolutionary War. Some states freed slaves but other passed laws saying a certain date or age. They were all different in each state. Trail of Tears: the ethnic cleansing and forced relocation of Native American nations from southeastern parts of the United States, relocation of the Cherokee lead to exposure, disease and starvation on the route to their destinations. Many died, including 2,000-6,000.Cherokee: (look at documentary) They were a tribe that tried very hard to work with the government, and tried to assimilate and get along.Anasazi: 1200 was the height of their power. They held a wide territory of trade in North America. Eventually they dispersed due to drought.-Built up many towns, family dwellings, and settlements-Chaco Canyon: “great north road” brought trade to these villages-Farmed beans, corn, and cottonMississippian: A culture from Illinois to Louisiana that settled along the Mississippi and had a broad trade territory. They were mound builders for religious purposes (burying people).Cahokia: Major settlement near St. Louis, Missouri. Ancient Native American city across from The Mississippi and was a very influential urban settlement.Buffalo: The plains tribe was largely nomadic and followed the Buffalo. It was a main source offood, clothing, ect. Sioux were also very dependent upon Buffalo; they hunted it along with other game. (Men left in groups to hunt).Kinship: Where you fit and define what you do. An indigenous group who saw themselves differently than most. Kin groups consisted of about 50 people each, they believed in a single creator and hunting and farming were religious focal points. Tribal leaders were generous people, helping them to gain support there were also an abundance of sexual relationships as wellas divorce. Europeans fed off of the animosity of these groups.Encomienda system: economic system depending on the forced labor of indigenous people. Slave systems that people (native Americans) were to do forced labor with no pay.Repartimiento system: replaced the encomienda system, Native Americans were now paid smallwages for their forced laborMayans: The Spanish had respect for the Mayans. Wanted them to do work for them but the Mayans kept refusing the offer so the Spanish planned to overtake them-Impressed by there stone work-Wanted them to work for SpanishEventually came to an agreement that Mayans would have their own beliefs, traditions, and leaders but still to be considered “Under the Spanish” Diego De Landa: He was a Franciscan monk, studied language and religion of Mayans. He would try to force and torture the Mayans in to converting to Catholicism. He had many artifact and idols destroyed and affected 4500 people. High suicide rate and many fled to the forest. After rein of terror he was not convicted of wrong doing after questioning. Tobacco: Tobacco plantations were distinct from other cash crops in terms of agricultural demands, trade, slave labor, and plantation culture in the 17th&18th century. The tobacco boom was making men rich, people would send it back to England and Africans were purchased for labor upon tobacco plantations.Jamestown: English settlement in the Virginia colony (1616-1699). The first documented Africans were brought here.Maryland: Tobacco was the main crop; Sir Charles established it and they were the first to establish freedom and granted it first to Catholics.Puritans: 17th century came to America still being loyal to the Church of England. Came upon shores of MA, they wanted to create a new Christian community. 1630 wanted to save Christianity from corruption of European church. Think they are the chosen people. (Church of England was not good enough) “City upon a hill the eyes of all people are among us.”The Great Migration: 2 decades after original migration (1642). A large group traveled over placing themselves around Virginia and Maryland. Puritans still sent thing like fish and timber to their homeland of England.-Massachusetts: towns, small farms, long life span, not problems w/disease-Virginia: large farms, single people, slavery, problems w/ diseaseAnne Hutchinson: Important figure in puritan’s era. She would meet with people in her home discussing puritan ministers of false preaching. Eventually went to trail and was expelled by puritans. Eventually killed in Native American raid.Loyalists: Were American colonists who remained loyal to the British Empire and the British monarchy during the American Revolutionary War. They supported the American Revolution. BLACK LOYALIST:Femme sole(happened in Virginia colony) There was a point where woman could do something that is usually not aloud a woman whose marriage has been annulled or is otherwise independent of her husband, as by owning her own property. (law)Mestizos: a person of combined European and Native American descent. The term was used as aracial category in the Casta system that was in use during the Spanish empire's control of their American colonies.Internal slave trade: Needed fewer slaves After US banned slave trade-no slaves from Africa & no more slave ships. It was a source of labor in the south. South would purchase slaves from northerners and would use them for plantation life. Including working in fields, caring for kids (elderly). After people starting steering away from tobacco.Black Codes: Passed in southern states (1865-1866) after the Civil War. These laws had the intent and the effect of restricting African Americans' freedom, and of compelling them to work in a labor economy based on low wages.Could Do- get married, own property, little actions in courtCould Not Do- testify against whites, voteRadical Republicans: Politicians from the Republican Party before Civil War until the end of the reconstruction period. They pushed for a new attempt at reconstruction, strongly opposed slavery before and after the war. Emphasized civil rights and voting rights for freedmen. Freedmen’s Bureau: Government agency that aided freedmen (free slaves). Pushed blacks to get jobs and wanted more interaction between blacks and whites.Sharecropping: After the civil war, when no body had cash. Agriculture in which a landowner allows a tenant to use the land in return for a share of the crops produced on the land. It started because no one had money. It was a way for blacks to have their own land, they had the right to keep animals,
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