"Hispanic"!Region- they are from Mexico, Central & South America, Caribbean !•Spaniards are not hispanic!◦Spanish Influence!•Mixture of 3 cultures- Spanish, Indigenous, African!•Religion- catholic!•Language- spanish !•77% of Latins who live in the US are mexican, 5% of Latins in this country are from central america, 2% from south america, 16% from other spanish regions!-21.7 mill mexicans in US!!Mexicans- The Borderlands: 1st Movement!Spanish colonizes Mexico in 1521!•- single men!-go to mexico to intermingle !Ethnic Hierarchy!•white!◦mestizo-child of male spain (white) and female mexican!◦mulatto- Spaniard (white) who had sex with a black person !◦mexicans!◦blacks!◦*they are never given the same rights as their spanish father. So the mestizos move out to the "Borderlands". They have no intentions to move back to the Mexican lands. First movement of mexican people who come to the United States. !Texas, Arizona, New Mexico, California !◦!American Expansion- they want to expand west!Americans encounter resistance from Mexicans that live there!•Mexican American War (1846-1848)- mexicans ask for help, the americans ask for help from president. The Americans say they were attacked and move further into the borderlands. Abe Lincoln call bull. The war was all about land expansion for americans. !Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (U.S won the war)!•We will give Mexico $15 mill for the land!1."If you take the land, you have to take the mexicans that live there"-Spain !2.3. 80,000 mexicans become U.S citizens over night!!!Mexicans in America!Land/Labor- any land owned, will be taken over by Americans. Any contracts •they had will be unrecognized by Americans. They will now work for the land instead of own it. !!2nd Movement- 1900's!-Spain decides to withdraw from Mexico. !Porfirio Diaz- "the last spanish dictator". president of mexico from 1876-1911. •He was terrible, corrupt. Used thugs, gangs. Upset they didn't have citizenship in their own country. !Peons- laborers. They are not paid. Forced to work. "We will give you some ◦food, or won't kill you today". !Industrialization of Mexico- Porfirio forces it fast. Willing to have people ◦work to death and starve to death in order to industrialize faster. !Creates ties with the U.S- "do you want to invest in Mexico?" "people will ◦work for nothing, you will be rich". Businesses take him up on this offer. By 1910 american industry owns about 45% of the land in Mexico. !1.5 million mexicans immigrate to the U.S to get away from Porfirio. !◦!Pull factors: Migrant farm work. !-Goal was to make money and move back and forth!Bracero Program(1942-1964) - "Guest worker program"!◦Guest workers visa- every year 50,000 mexicans are allowed to come ‣into the United States and work. Work visas are hard to obtain. People take buses to the border and pick up mexicans to work. It's a resounding success! !brings 4.5 million laborers to the United States. It ran for about 22 •years. !Responses to Illegal Immigration!Dwight D. Eisenhower !•Operation Wetback (1954) - an official act, in order to deal with ◦immigration. He knew americans were fearful of their jobs, and passed the law to deal with it. He said they'd get people into vans, drive around collect mexican working people and bring them back to mexico.!Problem: people come right back. and they may deport people who ‣actually belong in the United States. !Jimmy Carter!•20,000 extra visas a year to be distributed to Mexicans. Carter thought that ◦since they had more opportunities to come in legally, they would stopcoming.... Wrong. !Ronald Reagan!•Reform and Control Act- plan was unsuccessful. !◦!Immigration Act of 1990!•3 exceptions to new law!◦family visa (mexicans most benefited from this one)!‣job visa- if our business really need you !‣diversity visa- if you come from somewhere where not a lot of people in ‣our country come from !!Mexican Americans Today!Myth of the illegal immigrant persists- myth that all mexicans are illegal. !•Religion- most catholics are still catholics, but are unconstitutional. !•Not assimilated- close to home country, they can move back and forth. About •the least assimilated group that we've discussed. !Money-poorest group!•Education - don't generally have a lot of education!•!From the movie: they make about $12 a day in Mexico
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