Four Factors of Success: What determines an immigrants groups acceptance into American society as a wholeMoney:Opens up America to the immigrant groupsIf you have money your not confined to living in the cities; can move elsewhere and find other jobsBetter educationBetter opportunity to succeed in lifeIrish: do not have money; no freedom of movementGermans: have moneyMost important of all factors of successNumbers:How many people come over during a certain migrationCan cause a negative reactionIrish coming to AmericaThe smaller the numbers coming over at the same time the greater success and immigrant group has in assimilatingVoting: positive thing numbers used forLocation:Ex: When the Irish live in NYC the number of jobs available to Irish causes problemsBeing able to move away from the city, new farmlandGermans controlled St. LouisStereotypes:Irish: bad stereotypesbaby killers, blood suckers,Germans: Very good stereotypeshard workers, diligent, honestGermany:not a country until the 1870sa collection of independent areas of maintained their own cultures and religionsvery dividedFirst Germans that moved to the Americas are the Pennsylvania Dutch:Very good example of colonial GermansCalled because Americans couldn’t pronounce “deutsch”Any Englishmen called everyone of Germanic character: DutchPush Factors:Germany extremely rotten place to live in 1600sGermany became a battle ground anytime Europe went to warAlways protestants vs. CatholicsMost devastating of these wars: 30 years warLasted 29 years; 1619-1648German lands were devastated by this warAround 35% people died b/c of warAreas in Germany where on 10% people survivedEnglish had a open door policy: allowing any German protestants into Germany and HollandBubonic Plague: hit Germany in late yearsWeather caused crops to fail; coldPull Factors:America had a terrific image by the late 1800s, anyone could own propertyAmerica was seen as a place where there was never any famine, there were no wars in AmericaThere were always crops that could be harvestedNegative: America has small pox and yellow feverWilliam Penn: goes to Germany in 1680s advertising Pennsylvania spreading news on how great America is, entices Germans to go to PennsylvaniaReligious freedom; no worries, no conflict1683: First Germans arrive in Pennsylvania45,000 GermansEnglish don’t have a problem with Germans because they are Caucasian and have moneyLove them so much they go get King George I from GermanyWelcomed Germans into AmericaBy 1776, Germans have around 300,00 German Americans in PennsylvaniaTypical Penn-Dutch family:Extremely religiousWell educated farmersHave pride in German heritageBrought architecture with them based on the ones they left in GermanyBuild large barnsOften decorate barns with symbols to ward off evil spiritsExtremely tidyUse produce they grow; self sufficientHave a lot of familyChildren put to work as soon as they can work and talkSmall chores then milk cows19th Century Germans:First Wave of Immigration: 6 MillionLower Class:Potato Blight and Depressed Grain MarketMajor CitiesProto- Industrial CitiesTenementsFought with IrishMiddle Class:Proto- Factories in GermanyPolitical and Religious turmoilLargest number came from this classMoved to America to try and re-start their operationsUpper Class:Europe, Revolution of 1848Germans wanted to create a German country, but failedLeaders of revolution fled to AmericaBecame 48ersWell educated- Democratic RevolutionariesLocation:Primarily settled in Mid- WestSettlement based on their religionEthnic Enclaves“German Triangle”; between the cities of Cincinnati, Milwaukee and St. Louisreject assimilationpromote German culture and heritageGerman- American CultureKirchendeutschenSocieties that were started by protestant churchesPromoted German dances and musicPut on by churchesParochial SchoolsWithin the churchesPromotes German culture and heritageVereinsdeutschen: promotes German cultureSecular activities: singing, sportsLiterary societiesNot based around the churchGerman- Language NewspapersNot only had news about America but also news from back in GermanyTo keep people connected to their homelandPolitics and promoted German culture and heritageEventually become German-AmericansGermans who were born in America began to separate themselves from their old waysPeople began to intermarryMoved into the Mid-WestGetting away from the tight knit structureBegan to adopt different waysModel Immigrants:RaceWhite, protestantFit in with the WASPSacceptedMoneyGerman Immigrants has moneyWASPS love money; therefore acceptedLocationAble to move away from the cities to rural areasNumbersGermans arriving at the same pace as the IrishAble to spread out more because they have moneyStereotypesAll seen as hardworking, industriousPositiveGermans fit in every categoryDon’t assimilate till the late 1800sAfter German Unification, relations between America and Germany continually improvesGerman DayWorld War I1900: German- Americans; ¼ total American PopulationGermany: Austro Hungary and Ottoman Empire VS. Britain: France and RussiaWorld War I: Public OpinionDivided into 2 groupsPresident: Woodrow Wilson“The hyphenates”Unrestricted submarine warfare and the Zimmerman TelegraphChinese:JobsNo Go on Gold“yellow price”Miners (gold, silver, coal) Railroad WorkersDomestic Work“Feminine Jobs”Migrant JobsFishingDream of Golden Mountain shattered, but still able to find jobsChinese Immigrants:Practiced return migrationCome over as singles, usually menNeed to make money return to Chinese and care for familyWomen were kept close to the familyWomen who came were prostitutesClans in America led by rich business menActed as proxy fathers to young Chinese immigrantsClans provided shelter for new immigrantsAlso provided medical careClan decided where you settle in AmericaClans--- six companies6 companies in America made up of different clansFounded in San FranciscoOperated in china townSend representatives to docks every time a ship from china arrived a pull the clans and bring them to company head quartersSix companies provided law and order in China TownProvided all problems within the Chinese communityNegotiated a non violent treaty to keep the clan warfare out of AmericaWould have dead bodies embalmed and sent back to ChinaTongs: separate from clans and 6 companiesOrganized crime in ChinaCome to America and set up businessAnyone can join a tongControlled illegal gambling and prostitution and drug
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