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Intro to Terms and ConceptsNationality- “where they retain citizenship”Race- the assumption of innate differences based on real or imagined physical characteristicsNot a biological fact★Social construction★concept started with Northern EuropeansExamplesThe Phipps CasePersonal and state disagreed on raceMichael JacksonEthnicity- the shared categorization of people based on factors like shared cultural values, nationality, language, religion and gender rolesRacial Hierarchy – a stratification of, and substantial inequality among physically distinct groupsRacialization- grouping together, process that determines ^, bolstered by….Ideological Racism- an ideology that considers a group’s unchangeable physical characteristics to be linked in a direct, casual way to psychological or intellectual characteristics and that, on tis basis, distinguishes between superior and inferior groupsIndividual Racism- individual acts against one raceInstitutional Racism- institutionalized practices (law or social custom) that differentiates or negatively affects members of a subordinate racial group .Examples- Slavery, later Jim Crow LawsDominant vs. Subordinate GroupImmigrationPeople escaping problems, searching for new opportunitiesPost-colonialism/ Fall of Soviet UnionPoint of origin has changed, the American reaction hasn’t changedThree Waves of ImmigrationFormative Wave (1607-1820)Mostly voluntary immigrantsFirst Wave of Immigration (1820-1880)Lots of Irish, German, and ChineseEnds in 1880 b/c of 1st Immigration LawSecond Wave of Immigration (1880-1920)Italians, Jews, MexicansEnds with strict immigration lawsWhy Did They Come?Types of ImmigrationVoluntary- mostly Formative. Desire, religious freedom, etc.Forced- “, African slave tradeEconomic/Labor- 1st and 2nd Wave. Start new life, make and return with $$$Displaced Persons- Cold War, refugees, CubansPush and Pull FactorsReasons someone migratesPush is situation in home countryPull is incentive that draws people to AmericaPatterns of Adaptation and AdoptionAssimilation- process by which one cultural group adopts some or all of the cultural practices of anotherAcculturation- two groups exchange cultural practicesThe processLanguage, religion, skills, money, numbers, location, and stereotypes all play a partGenerational Differences- 2nd generation rebels against the 1st that tried to assimilatePhilosophies on Race and EthnicityAnglo-Conformity- the idea that a new group will only last if they fully assimilate to the dominant white groupOldest theoryMelting Pot Ideal- all the races, cultures, ideas will melt together and form something newFar-fetchedRequires no prejudice, complete loss of identity/historyCultural Pluralism- celebrates diversity, and claims America will become stronger because the conflictsSalad-bowl metaphorOpposite of Anglo-ConformityWho are the English?W.A.S.P.- White Anglo Saxon ProtestantAnglo-Saxon is anyone who is English, and those who came to AmericaProtestants- not just AnglicanOther Colonial VenturesTraders, goal was to make moneyFrenchDutchSpanishEnglish were settlers, wanted to stayThree Great Migrations (of the English)1st Great Migration (1629-1640)from East Anglia to New Englandcold kept out disease, agriculture and thus slaveryPuritans- still not tolerant of othersCity On a HillJohn WinthropeSet shining example of a nationCame over as familiesIncrease numbers, middle class2nd Great Migration (1641-1672)Came from middle (including London) to Chesapeake BayWarmer (better for farming) but also spread diseaseSummer is “Dying Time”Large scale agriculture, slaveryJoint-Stock CompaniesMerchant and nobleman fundedVirginia CompanySend 2nd and 3rd sonsPrimogeniture- 1st born son inherits everything from fatherSought to prevent splitting up family landCompanies not very preparedVery royalist, very Anglican (both unlike Puritans)15% aristocracy, 85% indentured servants5-7 year contract, paid passage to America, some money or supplies after contract expired3rd Great Migration (1675-1725)Came from Northern part of England (Wales, Yorkshire)Violent, conflict ridden areaWent to Middle ColoniesDelaware, New Jersey, New York, PennsylvaniaQuakersRadical Protestant groupHated by Anglicans, Puritans, and VirginiansInner-Light philosophyEqual treatment of people, by 1700s there was no slaveryAlso called Ethnic PluralismLower-middle class (50% families)Societal StructurePuritans- middle class, got rid of extremes (richest and poorest)Virginians- Rigid hierarchal structure. Deference (people better than you????)Quakers- Radical structure, stratification but as one whole people. Everyone is a friend, just accepted varying levels of importanceFreedomPuritans- “Ordered Liberty”, give up individual liberties for good of groupVirginians- Hegemonic LibertyRuling class vs. Non-ruling classRuling class couldn’t be ruled by othersOnly freeborn Englishmen could ruleQuakers- Liberty of ConsciousFreedom of religionTrail by juryReciprocal libertyRights could be extended to different ethnicities and racesSexPuritansOutside marriage restrictionsOnce married, it was encouragedCourting BoardVirginiansDouble standard about sleeping aroundDiary entries…RogerQuakersOnly for reproductionNon-suggestive clothingEnglish-American DominanceLanguageReligion- Protestantism, discriminationLegal and Political InstitutionsEnglish helped form oursEconomic InstitutionsCapitalismInvented concept of White Race in AmericaGradual loss of power???Trans-Atlantic Slave TradeTriangular TradeSlaves brought to AmericasRaw materials (sugar, tobacco, cotton) to EuropeFinished products (textiles, guns) to AfricaOver 300 years12.5 million captive Africans were taken10.8 million actually made it to the Americaslargest forced migration everNot the first slave system in historyChattel SlaverySlaves stopped becoming people, they’re propertyBased on color of skinOriginsBartolome de las CasasSuggested Africans be used as slaves on HispaniolaAsientoTrade agreement with Spanish king (4000 Africans brought)Regretted afterwardsSugar CaneLabor intensiveHigh mortality rateVery very profitableDemand in Europe explodedAbsentee owners, don’t even want to be thereBarbados1680s, sugar was main export (15,000 tons a year)England’s wealthiest colonyModel for all other coloniesNorth AmericaTobacco, rice, indigo, cottonNo more indentured servantsSlow process, labor intensive4% total of the 10.8 million ended up in North AmericaEarly to mid 18th century firmly


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FSU AMH 2097 - Race & Ethnicity

Documents in this Course
RACE

RACE

17 pages

Key Terms

Key Terms

38 pages

Notes

Notes

4 pages

Notes

Notes

7 pages

Notes

Notes

9 pages

Notes

Notes

4 pages

Notes

Notes

10 pages

Notes

Notes

11 pages

Ireland

Ireland

20 pages

Exam 2

Exam 2

16 pages

Exam 1

Exam 1

13 pages

Notes

Notes

12 pages

Notes

Notes

19 pages

Notes

Notes

9 pages

Italians

Italians

23 pages

Germany

Germany

34 pages

Exam 2

Exam 2

16 pages

Key Terms

Key Terms

10 pages

Test 2

Test 2

11 pages

Race

Race

3 pages

Exam 3

Exam 3

12 pages

Exam 3

Exam 3

7 pages

Italians

Italians

35 pages

Exam 3

Exam 3

7 pages

Test 3

Test 3

23 pages

Mafia

Mafia

11 pages

Exam 2

Exam 2

14 pages

Exam 2

Exam 2

12 pages

Test 2

Test 2

27 pages

Exam 2

Exam 2

9 pages

Exam 1

Exam 1

13 pages

Lecture 1

Lecture 1

10 pages

Jews

Jews

12 pages

Irish

Irish

9 pages

Exam 1

Exam 1

9 pages

Race

Race

11 pages

Exam 1

Exam 1

9 pages

Exam 2

Exam 2

16 pages

Midterm

Midterm

13 pages

Test 2

Test 2

12 pages

Italians

Italians

23 pages

Midterm 1

Midterm 1

14 pages

Test 3

Test 3

23 pages

Exam 3

Exam 3

10 pages

Key Terms

Key Terms

11 pages

Test 2

Test 2

11 pages

Exam #2

Exam #2

10 pages

EXAM 2

EXAM 2

7 pages

Exam 2

Exam 2

10 pages

Exam 1

Exam 1

14 pages

Exam 1

Exam 1

14 pages

Notes

Notes

21 pages

Test 3

Test 3

20 pages

Chinese

Chinese

12 pages

Chinese

Chinese

10 pages

EXAM 3

EXAM 3

10 pages

Chinese

Chinese

62 pages

Notes

Notes

8 pages

Exam #3

Exam #3

10 pages

Africans

Africans

48 pages

Mexicans

Mexicans

12 pages

Notes

Notes

5 pages

Notes

Notes

4 pages

Exam 1

Exam 1

7 pages

Test 1

Test 1

12 pages

Exam 1

Exam 1

7 pages

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