AMH FINAL Which treaty took more than half of Mexico’s land?o Hidalgo – ceded southwest to the USo Divine providence – god gave them the power to conquer inferiors Why did Americans occupy Mexican lands?o Manifest destiny, land, labor, resources, more exports and less imports, agriculture, business, trade, frontier, slavery What purchase expanded the border in NM and AZ?o Gadsden Purchase - $10 mil, transit rights said Mexicans were allowed to cross the border whenever they want What tactics did Americans use to take Mexican lands?o Violence! “War is the only recourse!” – Stephen Austin (1st settler)o The Alamo – 630 d Mexico cedes Texas – Sam Houston (1st president)o Required illegitimate surveys and deeds debt In which war were Irish forced to fight in return for promised of citizenship?o Mexican Where were Chinese immigrants often held when they arrived to CA?o Angel Island – some detained up to 3 years How did Chinatown transform from a crime area to a tourist area?o Six companies helped clean up Chinatowno Tourists rehabilitated buildings, festivals/parades, restaurants, shopso Basically sold their culture – commodification of culture Riots in LA erupted against young Hispanics wearing what?o Zoot Suits What ethnicity made up the Purple Heart Battalion?o Japanese For new Jewish immigrants to America, what was so special about the peddler’s pack?o Taught them American ways and culture What was the double V campaign? Explain how it was startedo Encouraged support of war and expanded freedoms at homeo Victory abroad and on the home front In what areas did the Bashalde Roma settle?o Chicago, Detroit, Cleveland, Pittsburgh Who occupied Old California?o Mestizos, early American Settlers What are Mestizos?o Mixed race of Indian and Negro with a trace of Spanish Who moved to New California?o Yankees wanting wealth and land – foreign miners taxo Protestants disgusted with Mexicanso Americans acting like Mexicans What was the Chinese mutual aid society that helped clean up Chinatowns?o Six Companies Who were the Tongs?o Criminal organization that wanted to keep their culture and beliefs, and not Americanize, hatchet men, opium dens, gambling, prostitution How were company towns exploitative?o They hiked prices up and raised rent for minoritieso During strikes strike everything was more money & stores closed What is reconquista?o America has been about half Mexican or Spanisho Surplus of Mexican people in the Southern USo Afraid if Mexicans become majority, they’ll re-conquer land What is nativism?o If you’re not born here you don’t belong hereo Native people > immigrants Why were Chinese immigrants a bachelor society?o Patriarchal cultural valueso Sojourning mentalityo Hazardous American Westo Anti-Chinese sentiment and legislation What are the characteristics of Orientalism?o Backwards, primitive, barbaric, timelessness, exotic Examples of the immigrant experience from American Tailo Castle Garden – 1st immigration center – Americanized nameso Cats – big business, government, oppression, white majorityo Warren T. Rat – child/unfair labor, mobs that controlled big businesso Bridget – Irish immigration, organizing, labor unionso Honest John – Irish politician in NY, knows every votero Many died along the way, help from other immigrants, split up from families, opportunities, women sewed (factory workers) Two anti-Mexican laws?o Greaser act – anti-vagrancy law aimed at Mexicans o Miner’s tax – fees for Spanish speaking miners How did Mexicans lose individual land?o Drought, debt, deeds, unfair legal treatment Provide an examples of how companies shut down strikes Mexican stereotypeso Bandidos greaserso Latin lover ethnic typeo Buffoon clowno Harlot spitfireo Machismo honor Chinese push factorso British imperialismo Opium warso Taiping rebelliono Punti & Hakka strifeo Difficult economic conditionso Flood and famine Why was California an important territory for expansion?o Outlet to Pacific, raw materials What term refers to people who come from countries where Spanish or Portuguese is spoken?o Latin@ What did the Page Act do? – targeted womeno Barred “lewd and immoral” immigrants from any “Oriental” country Largest Roma group in the USo Vlax (Romania – former slaves, “tight” culture) What were the other groups?o Romanichals (English Roma – light skin, blonde hair, blue eyes, more assimilated but still worked in agriculture or as American slaves)o Bashalde (came from central Europe Chicago, Detroit, Cleveland, &Pittsburgh in 19th c – worked in industry or entertainment for whites) Why don’t Roma assimilate?o Tried to hard to mold to new societies so were viewed as fakes The Chinese criminal organization running illegal activities in Chinatownso Tongs Disney’s propaganda depicting Latin Americans in a positive light was in response too Good Neighbor Policy Antiziganism? What and why?o A people without a homeland – mistrusted, unpatriotico Physical appearance – swarthy, dirty, promiscuouso Christ killers (nails)o Seen as thieveso Exclusionary customs o Way of life – fortune telling and beggingo Vagueness of ethnicityo Against the Roma Which Mexican stereotype depicts the virgin mother?o Marianismo – self-sacrificing, hunsband/family first, off limits to white men, beautiful but pure What are the others?o Bandidos – greasers, stupid & simple, dirty, sombrero, mustacheo Latin Lover – 1920 ethnic type, hot accent, suave, sexy, gets white girlso Buffoon – clowns, sidekick, add humor at expense of stereotypeo Harlot – spitfire, slut, lusty & uncontrollable, hot temperedo The Domestic – male and female, working for wealthy whites – can be combined with Harlot (seduces husband/wife)o Machismo – protective, courageous, honor, violent, sexist, hyper-masculine, objectifies women Burlingame Treaty? What and why?o Pressured by railroad companies because they wanted cheap laboro Allowed Chinese immigration: said they could come to US but still couldn’t be citizenso Provided railroad workers The first Anti-Chinese immigration act passed in 1870o Naturalization act - institutional racism Gave citizenship to what groups?o Whites and Africans only; excluded Asians, Mexicans, and American Indians 1882 – which act banned laborers and denied citizenship?o
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