Race and EthnicityKey Terms – Test #11. Race: the assumption of differences based on real or imagined physical characteristics.2. Racism: taking the assumptions of those physical characteristics and believing you are inferior or superior of those individuals.3. Ethnicity/Ethnic Group: when a group of people decide they are comfortable with each other based on something they have in common. (Religion, culture, skin color, place of origin, etc.) 4. Nativism: hatred towards someone because of their ethnicity. (Can depend on where you live. Ex: South Floridians’ hatred of Cubans.) 5. Nationality: where you were born.6. Today’s definition of nationality : what citizenship you are. 7. “The other”: the government puts everyone in a hierarchy, anyone who is not at the top, the top consisting of white Anglo-American Protestants (WASPs), is referred to as “the others”. 8. Racial and ethnic hierarchies: when the people at the top place people in categories based on how alike they are. (African Americans are on the bottom because they are complete opposite of WASPS)9. Three movements (waves) of immigrationa. Formative wave (1607-1830): the English and the Africans. Referred to as the formative wave because the English believed that they formed America. b. First wave (1830-1880): The Irish, Germans, and Chinese are asked to come over.c. Second wave (1880-1920): 1880’s were considered the start to the industrial revolution; therefore many unskilled workers (immigrants) were required. Centraland eastern Europeans, Russians, southern Italians, Greeks, and the Japanese traveled in mass numbers to America. i. Because of the mass amount of people entering the US, the first immigration restriction law was passed in 1921. 10. Assimilation: when an immigrant comes into the US and has to forget everything they previously were adapted to (culture, their language, their religion, etc.) and adapt US’s way of living. 11. Acculturation: accepting that you are in a new country so you must adapt to the requiredthings (language) but still practicing your country’s beliefs and traditions. 12. Un-assimilate-able: someone who cannot assimilate because of characteristics that cannot be changed such as skin color. 13. Anglo-conformity: the government’s requirement for all people to become white Anglo-American Protestants. (complete assimilation) 14. Cultural pluralism: what America does today, accepting all cultures and being happy to accept new cultures. 15. Xenophobia: fear of foreigners16. “WASP”: White Anglo Saxon Protestants; what 20th century calls people who moved over to America; tend to be Germanic, white Anglo Saxons, Christians who are not Key:Underlined and bolded: the definitionItalicized: examples of facts theprofessor stated.Catholic; not homogenous (Anglos, Saxons, Gaelic tribes, Picts, Britons, Normans, Romans, and Vikings); became the “whites” (white=pure and god-like)17. Queen Elizabeth: in charge of England at the time of colonization; doesn’t have the money to colonize the typical way (country funds the trip to new area and in turn gets the land and goods brought back); said that all of the citizens of England could colonize if they could afford it18. Primogeniture: all of the property or land goes to the first born sona. Second/Third Sons; have limited opportunities; can either wait for the first son todie or go into the army; when England started colonizing they did that; borrowed money from first son and travelled to the new world19. Jamestown, 1607: first colony; second/third sons; landed in Chesapeake Bay; starved to death because they didn’t know how to do anythinga. Indentured Servants: Queen Elizabeth didn’t want a failure at Jamestown so shesent food and the urban poor to help the gentlemen (second/third sons); for the price of passage to the new world the person will work for their buyer for 5-7 years; after this time they were free and could colonize their own land and farm20. New England, 1620: second colony; created by the Pilgrims (separatists) and Puritans; wanted to separate from the Church of England; go to the New World for freedom of religion; establish small towns because have middle class skills like farming, doctors, etca. Pilgrims: a person who wants to separate from the church of England; didn’t believe in big adornments; only pay attention to the preacherb. Puritans: willing to work with the church of England to reform it21. Formative Migration-WASP Dominance/Influence in five major areas: a. Language: English language only laws; West Virginia is the only state with this lawb. Religion: Protestant; separation of church and state; there is no real separationc. Education: Public schools; use education to assimilate children; parochial schools are schools made for/by immigrantsd. Political and legal institutions: English Common Law is the same thing as our Constitution (plagiarized); WASPs control political and legal organizationse. Economic Institutions: 99% of wealth belonged to 1%; 1% is mostly WASPs22. English Common Law: WASPs plagiarized English Common Law to come up with the Constitution23. Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798: collection of four laws passed to limit immigration significantlya. Naturalization Act: must wait five to fourteen years before you can become a citizen24. “Majority” and “Minority”: majority is the people in power not the numerical majority25. West African Kingdoms: 26. West African Urban Areas-Cities: 27. Trans-Saharan Trade: slave trade in Africa; class based slavery system; can fall in and out of slavery regardless of skin color28. West African Agricultural Areas: normal people owned could own land and farm; farming was big in Africa29. Types of African Slaves: a. Prisoners of War: instead of killing them, sell them in the Trans-Saharan Tradeb. Criminals: African society didn’t believe in prisoners, instead they would be slaves for crimesc. Debtors: if you owe someone money and don’t have it you work for them as a slave to pay it off30. “Class” vs. “Racial” slavery: 31. Pan-Africanism: the belief that the people of Africa all loved each other; people of Africa actually all hated each other32. Right to Slave: Kings and Queens of some West African countries would give some European countries the right to slave33. Slave Fort: where the slaves were kept
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