Race and Ethnicity Notes: Exam #24 Factors WASPs looked at in an immigrant group:Germans arrived in 2 phases:APL: american protective law, espionage act: americans could imprison anyone seen doing something seeming unpatriotic. if you lived next foor to a german you could sign up to spy on your neighbor to make sure they werent doing anything suspicious. back then, no one had their own telephone line...they had party lines, so you could pick up a telephone and listen to everyone on their streets conversations. germans mail was also opened at the post office. (internment)GERMAN LANGUAGE: german as a language was banned in several states in public, some states like louisiana even banned it in your own home. when speaking german you were seen as a traitor.LIBRARIES AND NEWSPAPERS: at libraries, books having anything to do with german were banned and sometimes even burned. businesses would have skulls and cross bones painted on them so you knew they were german and could boycottprohibition: alcohol banned because germans owned all the breweries!ETHNIC SLURS AND HARASSMENT: "hun skunk"LYNCHING: german americans sometime taken out and tarred and feathered, some of these led to death...people killed just because they were german americanRobert P. Prager: accused of being spy/traitor, put in jail, then some townspeople of louisiana broke in and took him out and hung him from a tree --> americans had a tendency of over reactingmediawar over in November of 1918, 11th hour of november 11th (last soldier died)WORLD WAR II:german americans supported america in the war effortthey were treated well during this war!how could they not? the leader of america in germany was Dwight Eisenhower! (german american)based on nationality or political affiliationadolf hitler and nazisjapanese become enemy because of pearl harbor - sneak attack12,000 germans internedIRISH: originsWASPs hated irish (catholic peeps) with a passion mainly because they were the largest non protestant group to arrive --> scared the protestants shitless!stereotypes of being catholic at this time, stuck to them like gluecame over with no money, very poor. therefore they are confined to the cities (big cities like boston or NY). around the WASPs a lot yet they despise them. have no capabilities of starting businesses, etcWASPs didnt trust irish in machinery, or bank tellers, or anything (where as they DID trust the german bc they were higher class). only thing they did trust irish with was moving crates, etc. lowest paying jobs. because they had these lowest paying jobs, which the african american always had, they were competing against each other and didn't like each otherPUSH FACTORSOVERPOPULATION: one reason why the irish came to america. 8 million people living in ireland by 1800. land could not support them all.POLITICS (no participation in politics): never got along with english. always been an animosity. english first invaded ireland in the 1100's. english believed irish were uncivilized animals. (they then transferred this perspective to the africans). tried to have as little contact with the irish - thought the more you were around them, the more you lost your civility...become a brute. english passed laws forbidding english men and women to marry irish. english came back AGAIN in the 1500's bc they didnt have any money to go all the way to north/south america, so they decided on ireland. wanted to get back into the colonization game. started ascending expeditions in ireland...they believed they are doing the world a favor by killing catholics. come in with technology, and conquer ireland.word "plantation" comes from ireland!!! english called the farms this, made irish work on their farms for pitiful wages. irish doesnt have schooling - english could care less to invest in irish in any way. they only want labor from them. pass laws to ensure irish are never anything but laborers:PENAL LAWS - one of them called "Popery Act" which stated that you cant give all the land to one child...you have to divide them among the children. so they got divided, and then divided again. the farms kept dividing until they got so small that the english would come in and buy the land from them. LAND STATS: in 1600 80% irish catholic owned, 1778 95% protestant owned. good for land owners, bad for peasants!!!ECONOMICS: no land/Napoleonic wars cause farmers to go into sheep herding! irish kids worked in the fields from the time you were 5 to 40 (life expectancy was low). worked on estate of english owner.Napoleonic Wars - 1792 - 1815 (20 years)between france and great britain (which was common match up for european wars)hundreds of thousands of troops moving and fighting. easiest way to feed troops at this time was flour - could keep it and not spoil, and then mix it with water to make bread for the troops. BREAD WAS MAJOR FOOD SOURCE. tons of people planted wheat to sell it to the army! --> therefore english landowners made buttload of money off of these wars.war ended, and had 2 effects on irish farms: 1) wheat planted year after year ruined the soil in these farms. so the landowners decided to raise sheepirish began growing potatoes. thats the only thing they ate! roasted, boiled, mashed.POTATO BLIGHT: phytophthora infestants, mold that grew onto the potatoes, black on the inside. gets into one potato and then into all the others. potatoes grown by cutting off eyes and planting but didnt even have eyes to do it! therefore period of starving - one million irish died between 1845-1850 from starvation or disease which called starvation. 1.5 million migrate. Still not recovered from this. GREAT FAMINE. Sad ironyRace and Ethnicity Notes: Exam #24 Factors WASPs looked at in an immigrant group:1. MONEY - WASPs liked money, so if an immigrant group arrived with money then wasps were more inclined to treat them better 2. NUMBERS - if an immigrant arrived in/with large numbers...the less likely the wasps were to like them3. LOCATION - the way to get around ^^^ was location - wasps did not want to be around immigrants so if an immigrant could move away from the wasps (rural and far away) then the wasps may like them better4. STEREOTYPES - Germans were considered hard workers and very industrious, Irishmen were considered to be drunks --> all groups had bad and good stereotypes a. Germans were considered a good immigrant group and the Irish were notGermans arrived in 2 phases:• Early Formative wave - 16 and early 1700's. These people created the
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