Introduction - Understanding Race, Ethnicity, and Nationality What is Race?-Category of human beings based upon distinctive physical characteristicso Skin coloro Hair typeo Facial features- Race is CONSTRUCTED-History of Raceo Immanuel Kant (German) 1770s First to use the term race in the modern sense of biological differences Basically has been around since America was a countryo Johann Blumenbach (also German)o 1795o First to use the word “Caucasian”o First to develop racial hierarchy-Racial HierarchyoClassification or stratification of certain groups based on physical characteristicsoGroup who makes the hierarchy is on the topoThe more different you are from the group, the lower you rank-Blumenbach’s Hierarchy oLT’s racial hierarchy (Reese’s)-Racializationo Dominant white group labels certain groups as Subordinate because of physical characteristics Dominant – majority with the greatest power Subordinate – singled out and treated unequally-Ideological RacismoThe elites of the dominant white group CONSTRUCTED other groups as being inferiorin order to segregate and oppressoIn the United StatesWhite at the top (Reese’s)Black at the bottom (Skittles)oNew groups: Irish, Chinese, MexicansWhites determine where they fit into the hierarchy based on how similar they are to them-EthnicityoHow is ethnicity different from Races?oA group distinguished primarily on the basis of cultural characteristicsLanguageFoodClothingReligionHistoryoYour family origins or where your ancestors came fromoCan always be more than one-What is Culture?oThe shared values, understandings, symbols, and practices of a group of peopleoExamples:Italian eating seafood on Christmas EvePracticing SabbathQuinceanera -NationalityoThe country of which you hold citizenship oWhat your passport saysKey Terms in Understanding - Race & Ethnicity in the United States- Prejudicea. Hasty Judgmentb. False Generalizationsc. Because one belongs to a particular groupi. EX: From West Virginia – “do you hooks up with your brother?”- Stereotypea. An overgeneralization associated with a racial or ethnic category that goes beyond existing evidencei. EX: Who owns a pit-bull – people would assume a black person, actually her white brother- Individual Racisma. Racially hostile acts of an individual (or group) directed at member(s) of another groupi. EX: Miss American comments – Nina Davuluriii. EX: Donald Sterling 1. Most educated of all groups is Indian-American- Institutional Racisma. Institutionalized practices that negatively affect members of a subordinate racial group- Discriminationa. Actions carried out by members of a dominant group that have a harmful effect on members of the subordinate groupi. EX: “We serve whites only, no Spanish and no Mexicans”ii. EX: “We want white tenants in our white community”iii. EX: Signs in front of shops – N.I.N.A. “No Irish Need Apply”- How to Deal with Racism?a. Accommodate – does not resist, accepts their place as a subordinate group i. EX: “It is what it is”ii. (Typically first generation)b. Assimilation – conform oneself, absorb, or take on the mainstream culturei. EX: Use cosmetic things to lighten skin, relax hair, etc.ii. Creates tension in the community – “You’re trying to be white, you’re selling out”iii. (Typically third generation)c. Acculturation – Keep ones own culture (mainly in home) but also adapts to new culture when necessary for job, school, survival, etc.i. (Typically second generation)- Is Racism Taught?a. Doll Study – Why is this happening?b. This course will answer why these issues are so deeply entrenched in our societyc. Look at the past and compare changes- 4 Types of Migrationa. Voluntary – You’re not suffering in your country, but you just voluntarily choose to come to the United Statesb. Involuntary – Elderly are dying, shortage of food, mothers having babies aren’t getting enough nutrients, something in their country pushes them out – taxes volcanoes hurricanesc. Forced – Only African Americans – taken captive and brought, slavesd. Refugee – Escaping communism, not till 20th century – Government or War- 4 Factors of Successa. Money – Can help you, but typical immigrants come over poorb. Location – Settle right in the middle of everything, very visible. If you spread out,not as obviousc. Numbers – The larger the number, the bigger the fear (if 1000 Chinese came to Tallahassee vs. 1000 coming to Miami) We fear the unknown and feel threatenedd. Stereotypes – Positive and Negative- 4 Waves of Migrationa. Formative Wave : 1607 – 1820i. Jamestown starts in 1607ii. English Americans and African Americans are the only 2 groupsiii. 13 colonies and the American Revolutionb. First Wave : 1820 – 1880i. Irish and Chinese are the groupsii. Civil Warc. Second Wave : 1880 - 1921i. Era of immigrationii. Progression Era – building of major cities/structuresiii. Names ending in a vowel come during this timeiv. Jews, Easter Europeans, Italians, Greeks all come (Not Mexicans)v. WWII and Great Depressionvi. 1921 – Immigration got shut down and not many were let ind. Third Wave : 1965 – Presenti. Immigration is open to people all over the worldEnglish Americans - The “WASPS”WASPWhite (Race)Anglo-Saxon: origin of the term is from Germanic Tribes (Ethnicity)Protestant (Religion) - Specifically Anglican Church (Church of England)The Basics (English-Americans)Voluntary MigrantsFormative Wave: Came as early as 1607 but most came during 1700sDrove Native Americans off their land4 Major WASP Settlements#1. Virginia/Chesapeake The way they settled is by the Virginia CompanyWent to the king of England and created a Joint-Stock Company-(an association of individuals ina business enterprise with transferable shares of stock; used to pool capital and share risks)Settled in 1607Mostly young single-menEconomic Goals:-Obtain raw materials-Overseas trading post/market-First slaves brought by 1619-Indentured servants (sign a contract saying they’ll work in Virginia for 10-15 years, after you reach the years on the contract, your boss gives you a piece of land and you can work for yourself) #2. Massachusetts/New EnglandMassachusetts Bay CompanySettled in 1620Religious FreedomPuritans-Small Town-Community-Family(Idea of pulling your own weight and helping the community)Happening in Massachusetts,
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