Mafia:The prohibition of alcohol eventually leads to bootlegging, Mafia controls this. The Mafia “life style” has secret connections, which eventually leads to illegal activities, earning them their bad stereotypes.Yellow PressSlang term for the Newspaper in the 1920s. Not a trustworthy paper.Mafia Myth2 components:1. All Southern Italians are in the Mafia2. All crime in the US is from the MafiaAl CaponeBecomes infamous symbol of Mafia, surrounded by riches/women/gunsFrank SinatraAmericans enjoy his music and think he’s cool despite being a Southern ItalianRosie the RiveterIconic SOUTHER ITALIAN woman on poster during WWII “We can do it!” Made Italians feel more AmericanJewish ImmigrationDiasporaA movement of Jews out of their homeland they spread out around the worldAnti-SemitismAnti-Jewish; wherever Jews went, they were the minority population, treated poorly“Christ Killers”Christians believe Jews killed the Christ of our religion, the human formation of God. But Crucifixion is a ROMAN practice for death penalty. The crowd that decided to kill Jesus was not purely Jewish.UsuryThe sin of profiting off of someone else’s suffering. Christians could not open banks (because banks have to charge interest) open to Jewish populations, especially because other jobs were not available to them.Sephardic JewsSpanish JewsThe Spanish InquisitionIt is a religious persecution in Spain and Spanish colonies. Reasoning: supposed to keep Catholicism the official religion in Spain and Spanish colonies. Spanish King & Queen appointthemselves to be head of Catholic Church (different b/c NOT the Pope) religion comes hand in hand with government power. Priests/Monks go door to door asking if you are Catholic. If you lie, you must convince them (usually never worked). If you are not, you can opt to convert (put into Jail and you learn about Catholicism and perform the Auto de Fe). If you are not and are honest, you are imprisoned for life (most common) or killed. Most Jews did not lie and accepted the consequences because it is part of their identity. Some Jews escaped Spain by boarded Columbus’s boats.Auto de FeAn act of faith; recite Bible verses; answer questions about Catholicism; you are only Catholic if you pass.Alhambra Decree“The Edict of Expulsion”. All people of Jewish heritage must get out of Spain and Spanish colonies, even if you are converted to Catholicism. This is a major movement of Jews; they leave to avoid persecution, not because of lack of money/resources.New AmsterdamCurrent day NYC. Easy for Jews to travel with their money because its value was put into jewelry and other wearable items.German Jews1820: 15k Jews in US1850: 300k Jews in US1880: 2.5 MILLION Jews in US = Jewish population becomes WAY more conspicuousPeddlersA universal job for Jews, travelling salesman (hitch a horse to a cart to sell goods like jeans/shoes/etc). Jews convince people to buy in two ways:1. Give them the best product2. Sell them for the lowest priceReformed JudaismAllows Jews to “blend in”. Synagogues look more like Churches, much less Orthodox Jews. This originates from Germany.“New Immigrants”Bad, different, unwanted (this wasn’t a good term). Most of these immigrants won’t speak English, have different religions, are unskilled, and from eastern/southern Europe.Industrial RevolutionThis was the pull that brought “New Immigrants” to America. Eastern European JewsAshkenazic JewsEastern Europe, Central Europe, and Russia. When they migrate, they all live in the 3 same city blocks.RussificationThe process of trying to turn other countries into Russians.Military Service: forced young Jewish boys to join military when they turned 8 and forced to serve 25 years. Jewish parents might harm their children to keep them “invaluable” to the military. Jewish girls could not marry Jewish boys.Pogroms (1971-1917)- Over 100,000 Jews killedTsar Alexander IIAssassinated March 13th, 1881Lower East Side, NYC2 million Jews live hereYiddishOnly Ashkenazi Jews speak thisOrthodox JudaismOrthodox VS ReformedOrthodox is non-conforming and traditional, strict dress code, Saturday = religious day. Kept kosher.Reformed is conforming, no dress code to blend in, Sunday = religious day. Not kosher.Torah and TalmudReformed Jews used Torah more room for personal interpretationTalmud written by Jewish religion scholars their interpretation of the TorahSweatshopsAllowed Ashkenazi Jews to work inside houses together, more hoursTenementsVery small apartments shared by many. Not good for fires. Bathroom only on first floor.Conservative JudaismOriginated in America. This is a middle ground between reformed and orthodox Jews. Sabbath day moves back to Saturday (b/c weekends no work anyways). Kosher is up to individual.The 2nd KKKA group of white “supremacists” who hate immigrants, but mostly just Jews.Leo FrankLynched for innocent crime. Jewish manager of pencil factory. Accused of raping and killing Mary Phagen, 13 year old worker at his factory. Much evidence is destroyed/lost/altered. Jim Connelly, a janitor, claims he saw Frank do it (he is black and obviously too stupid to lie, therefore, he must be telling the truth – opinion of the court).Henry FordOwned many car dealerships and absolutely hated Jews. If you bought his car, he gave you a free subscription to “The Dearborn Independent”, which printed articles that expressed his opinion about the dangers of Jews. Column: “The Jew, The World’s Foremost Problem”Also printed The Protocols of the Elders of Zion as a real document, though it is not.Final SolutionHitler’s final solution was the Expulsion of Polish Jews in Germany, 1938. Gave Polish Jews one night to pack one suitcase and go back to Poland, but Poland doesn’t want them either, so sends them back to Germany. Polish Jews stuck at the border. Eventually, only 4,000 of 12,000 Jews were let into Poland and the others are killed if they try to enter either country.Holocaust16 million people killed (6 million Jews, 500k Mentally Ill, 15k homosexuals)Concentration and Labor CampsExtermination Through LabourWork Shall Set You FreeExtermination Camps/Death CampsVery small because the only purpose was for people to die, nothing else to do. Gas ChambersUsed as a quick and efficient systematic way to kill. Would tell Jews they were going to take showers to get rid of contaminates not really, they were just killed.Mass gravesFirst, victims were initially
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