Exam 2AMH2097Key TermsMeghan Martinez 13th Amendment- Abolishes slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime14th Amendment- Defines citizenship, contains the Privileges or Immunities Clause, the Due Process Clause, the Equal Process Clause, the Equal Protection Clause, and deals with post-Civil War issues15th Amendment- Prohibits the denial of suffrage based on race, color, or previous condition of servitudeVagrancy Laws- are laws that prohibit a practice called loitering. Loitering is usually defined as being and staying in a place with no purpose and no intention to move along. Vagrancy laws are laws that prohibit just that.Voting LawsReconstruction- has two senses: the first covers the complete history of the entire U.S. from 1865 to 1877 following the Civil War; the second sense focuses on the transformation of the Southern US from 1863 to 1877, as directed by Washington, with the reconstruction of state and society.Sharecropping- "free" blacks worked on land owned by Southerners and had to buy tools from the owners and give up a large percentage of their profit, as wellTenant Farming- System where farmers rented their land from the landowner and were allowed to grow whatever crop they wanted; England took over the Irish's land.Ku Klux Klan- a paramilitary group against black freedom and black rights. The KKK is a far right terrorist group that was anti-black. President Grant took actions to suppress the group but the reemerge in the 1920s and after WWIIPoll Tax- was used as implicit pre-condition of the exercise of the ability to vote. Many Southern states enacted poll tax laws as a means of restricting eligible votersGrandfather Clause- is a situation in which an old rule continues to apply to some existing situations, while a new rule will apply to all future situations. An example would be any adult male whose father or grandfather had voted in a specific year prior to theabolition of slavery to vote without paying the tax.Jim Crow Laws- was a white faced man who started up Jim Crow racism. State and local laws segregating blacks and whites in public places. "Separate but Equal."The Great Migrations- The movement of approximately 2 million blacks from the South to the Northeast and Midwest in response to the influx of industrial opportunities and the hostile racial climate that remained in the South. Benjamin "pop" Singleton was the leader of the mass exodus. He believed that blacks would never gain equality while in the South.Post Civil War Migrations- During and after the Civil War emancipated men and women moved to secure their freedom. At the same time many northern free blacks went south as soldiers, and other black men and women traveled south to teach and help lead communal institutionsIndustrial Migration- People moved from rural areas to more urban areas (growing industrial cities) in search of work, mainly during the industrial revolution. WWI Migration- Between 300,000 and 1,000,000 African-Americans moved north during this period, largely in response to an increased number of unskilled factory job openings as northern manufacturers boosted production for World War IBlack Institutions- develop in the north; include church and business; churches become prominent and very important in the community. Business run by black people and the money is spent by the blacks so it is going back to the black communityMadame CJ Walker- was an American entrepreneur and a philanthropist, regarded as the first female self made millionaire in America. She made her fortune by developing and marketing a successful line of beauty and hair products for black women under the company she founded, Madam C.J. Walker Manufacturing Company.Harlem Renaissance- it was based on the concept of racial pride: "New Negro." It was aimed at "uplifting" the black populationWEB Du Bois -black man born free-started the Talented Tenth and whites lack of responsibility-Those who can read and are all ready educated should serve the rest of the 9 tenthsLangston Hues- was an American poet, social activist, novelist, playwright, and columnist. He was one of the earliest innovators of the then-new literary art form jazz poetry. Hughes is best known for his work during the Harlem Renaissance.Zora Neale Hurston- was an American folklorist, anthropologist and author during the time of the Harlem Renaissance. Of Hurston's four novels and more than 50 published short stories, plays, and essays, she is best known for her 1937 novel Their Eyes Were Watching God.WWII Migration- During the war many countries restricted migration, but after the war migration skyrocketed. Tuskegee Airmen- popular name of a group of African-American pilots who fought in WWII.91st Infantry- Nickname: Wild West Divison. Fought in both WWI and WWIICivil Rights Act of 1964- outlaws racial segregation in public places and in schools and employmentVoting Rights Act of 1965- everyone is allowed to vote, and all the laws are liftedScots Irish- Scottish who immigrated to Ireland before immigrating to America.Backcountry- deragatory term the English would call where the Scots-Irish would liveAppalachian Mountains- W.Penn, North Carolina, W. Virginia, Kentucky and tennesseeNew Lights- type of religion that is foreign to many people; no building, going to meet outside and be loud with singing and dancingTraveling Ministers- minister will not live in the community but a couple will travel the area and visit themFamilies and Clans- people in your family that have the same last name as you; alliances will exist among themHighlander Games- are events held throughout the year in Scotland and other countries as a way of celebrating Scottish and Celtic culture and heritage, especially that of the Scottish highlands.Warriors- minute man-fight in the war; war of 1812-1/3 of the military forceMinute Men- Minutemen were members of well-prepared militia companies of select men from the American colonial partisan militia during the American Revolutionary War.War of 1812- was a 32-month military conflict between the US and the British Empire and their Indian allies which resulted in no territorial change between the Empire and the USA, but a resolution of many issues which remained from the American War of Independence.Proto-Industrial Revolution- before the industrial revolution; clothing labor; food processing; need unskilled labor'sThe Irish- 1830-1880-coming in the first waveNew York- where they locate firstBoston- where they locate
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