African Americans Blacks 11 06 2012 The Great Migrations moving OUT of the South Post Civil War Migration o People freed by the Civil War o Smallest migration o Most of these people go west cowboys families o Successful migration because they left in small numbers o Some people did not leave because they wanted to stay home where they were from Industrial Revolution Migration 1880 o Few percentage of people involved in sharecropping got out of their contract o Went to the north because factory jobs are available o Blacks last to be hired first to be fired o Came in small numbers WWI Migration 1911 1930 o Lots of jobs opening in the north because of war making weapons factories goods that deal with war o Southern economy is at a decline o 1 million blacks leave South to go to North o some blacks served in the war o disproportional drafting sending way more black people away than whites to fight more jobs open up in north because blacks were in war black institutions more communities opening up in the North o church prominent communities in the North very important in black communities o businesses ran and owned by black people blacks could not shop in white s shops blacks investing in black s shops o Madame C J Walker 1st African American billionaire Made hair products for blacks Harlem Renaissance o W E B Du Bois wrote poem On Being Crazy that expressed their ideas of being treated as inferior people or not as citizens 1st African American to graduate from Harvard o Zora Neale Hurston wrote the poem Their Eyes Were Watching God o Langston Hughes wrote A Dream Deferred that talked about our dream of being free citizens that has been delayed how long must we wait o After the war was over a lot of blacks were fired o BIG migration 2 million blacks move to the North o Blacks served in the war segregated units blood banks inferior o Tuskegee Airmen black unit assisted bombers by flying around soldiers them to protect them WWII Migration 1939 Civil Rights Civil Rights Act of 1964 grants citizenship outlaws racial segregation Voting Rights Ace of 1965 gave blacks the right to vote no more grandfather clause to help each other Martin Luther King Jr we re ALL in this together blacks and whites need Malcom X doesn t want the help of white people thinks the blacks can do this on their own more violent Scots Irish Scots Irish 11 06 2012 Scotish people from Ireland o 1765 1776 came over during the Formative Wave with the English Colonials considered to be Highlanders warriors in Ireland o the English asked the Scotish to go take over Ireland for them Irish practice colonization the Scots were mislead thought they were taking over Ireland for themselves English came and took over Scotish Highlanders go to America o 250 000 Scots Irish go to Americas live in the backcountry Appalachian Mountains derogatory term not an ideal place to live o Home o Religion the communities where Scots lived log cabins were much different than the communities the English lived in English calls Scots savages Scots are Preysbeterians English thought this was good actually very different New Lights meetings outside more than one preacher dancing traveling ministers not one minister that lives in each community they travel up and down the App Mts and visit many Scotish communities wedding tradition kidnapping the bride o Scots love drinking Bourbon and Whiskey o Divided into clans people who had the same last name as you families o Loved fighting so much resulted in the Highlander Games A competition for warriors sword fighting caber tosses throwing axes used it as a way to always be in shape and always ready to fight o Continental Army asked Scots Irish to help in Revolutionary War 1 3 of minutemen were Scots Irish o War of 1812 1 3 of army was Scots Irish o 4 3 million Scots Irish in American today still in backcountry First Wave Immigrants 1830 1870 Proto Industrial Revolution o First wave immigrants came during this time o in between step from farming to factories unskilled labor knowing how to do a part of a whole job no need for experts clothing industry food processing Irish German Chinese Four Factors of Success for all immigrants o money whether or not an immigrant group comes over with money o numbers the smaller the immigrant group coming over to the US names a HUGE difference the better o location where the immigrant group ends up in the US o stereotypes people in America have certain stereotypes of an immigrant before they even make it to America Irish Immigrants 11 06 2012 1830 1880 New York Five Points Boston Southie The Irish in Ireland Push factors o Overpopulation more people living in a country than it can support affects jobs o In 1840 it is the most impoverished nation in the world o Politics English began colonizing in Ireland owned up to 95 of land in Ireland Penal Laws all Irish were forced to become Protestant swear an oath to Queen Elizabeth that they can t vote can t own land can t own weapons can t go to school Irish language will be outlawed they wanted the Irish to assimilate Potato Blight leads to potato famine phytophora infestants brought to Europe from America by ships got into soil can make crops completely dehydrated or overhydrated Irish starve English thinks it s good The Great Famine 1845 1850 o 1 million Irish die 1 5 million Irish migrate to the U S in the Trans Atlantic Crossing difficult journey many die approx 17 000 takes 3 months stay in steerage low class most die from ship fever and tuberculosis called coffin ships Who Comes o Anchor immigrants first people to come they send money back to Ireland more people come over cycle chain migration process o Ghettos where they lived outside of the city Lean tos big piece of wood basically living under it Tenement buildings not an ideal place to live living with 5 7 people Family in Ireland is starving men in America are just hungry they send 90 of their money back to Ireland by Irish Catholic priests Irish in America Family husbands show love by working mom is the emotional one Irish Jobs men get paid more money coal mines railroad work canal diggers day laborers o Women are domestics nannies or prostitutes can send their whole paycheck back to Ireland because they don t have to buy anything anti Irish sentiment English don t like them based on previous stereotypes o religion Roman Catholic accused Irish of being blood drinkers and baby killers because Catholics believe in transubstantiation the literal eating of the body and
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