Progressive America The America of the Second Wave 1880 1920 Groups are going to be from Eastern Europe Russia southern Europe Main pull the Industrial Revolution when America starts using factories and needs unskilled labor for it Pay very little the groups who were here in the first wave wont even do it o Mechanization everything turns to industry Jobs will double but the people who live in America at the time don t want those jobs o America starts to recruit immigrants Numbers in the tens of millions large wave Even though we were recruiting 3 times the people we wanted came Key Terms Second wave Progressives o White middle and upper class people who decide they know best for America o Becomes a political movement trying to help things in the united sates based on what they think is best o Passing laws to try and make united states better o Positives make food safe to eat acts on meat packing and canning pass labor laws the five day work week pass child labor laws children under 10 cant work Scientific Racism Craniology germ theory IQ tests eugenics Buck vs Bell o Grades of Intelligence picture that shows facial structure determines o Physical characteristics are now going to be scientifically proven that if you have certain ones you are dumber than someone with other characteristics o Trying to prove that the immigrants coming in are mentally and physically intelligence inferior to us Craniology study skulls check bumps measure circumference decide if you are able to do a certain job based on your physical skull measurements o Ex if your skull isn t a certain size considered inept to practice medicine o People completely believe it o Going to say anyone that has a skull shape relatively similar to an ape is inferior The Germ Theory states that immigrants bring sickness to the united states The united states is actually a healthy place and would be in perfect condition if immigrants weren t here o All the bad germs that come to the united states come from outside the us o Battling venereal diseases STD o Small pox leprosy anything that looks dirty or smells o Believe at the time that germs grow splurge and move out like an army they attack Also consider splurge anything you can get on yourself that another immigrant has touched Door knobs toilet splashing up IQ Tests French scientists original intention was to map intelligence For French school children o America starts giving IQ test to immigrants make it mandatory to come in and to get a job here o Steps in mental development Idiot self preservation Low grade imbecile simple mental work Medium imbecile simple manual work High grade imbecile complex manual work Moron work requiring reason and judgment o Wont pass tests because of the language given in English and cultural bias asking questions that they know nothing about because they aren t from here Eugenics creation of the perfect race o Ex hitler s idea of the Aryan race and the creation of the holocaust o In America we believe American is the perfect race o Idea is intelligence is hereditary children of immigrants wont ever be good because they have bad genes passed on o Solutions to the immigration problem positive eugenics reproduction has always been the way American has gone nice white people should have lots of white babies so that WASPs always out number the other Eventually eradicate the lower race negative eugenics sterilization when you actually stop the inferior people form having babies Stop ability to reproduce Both men and women but primarly women o Anyone who was put in an insane asylum would be sterilized Forced sterilization against people s will Buck vs Bell supreme court decision that says sterilization is completely legal People who were sterilized sued o Oliver Wendell holmes was the judge at the time Three generations of imbeciles is enough Ellis Island Every single boat docks at ellis island first then these immigrants need to be processed IQ tests and literacy tests they do horribly Do physical examinations scientific racism Look for diseases Based on how you look physically will decide if you are diseased will put a mark on you to send you back Big deal for the southern Italians is that when you come over with the family if one of your relatives is going to be deported you need to decide whether to go with them or stay here Most go to New York Change to chain migration o Chain migration with the Irish would send money back to send another person over for southern Italians you would send money back to your family to send a relative over like chain migration today Scientific Racism in Action Ellis Island and Immigration Restriction Ellis island was an immigration station place to stop immigrants check who s coming in and how many and who is an undesirable Putting Scientific Racism into Action Ellis Island In the harbor of New York City o More little Ellis islands down the coast Operated from 1892 1954 Anyone who wants to come into the country must come through the station Processed over 12 million immigrants Will count how many people are going categorize them say where they are from and be very specific write everything down and eventually form immigration law based on this information Immigration Act of 1903 o First immigration act we pass is the immigration act of 1903 Say we don t allow anarchists into the United States Anarchists anti government are known to riot and get rid of the government in violent ways Quite a lot of southern Italians do have the feeling of anti government but does not mean they are anarchists Focus of political cartoons becomes that they are here to blow us up backing the idea of taking over the world want to blow up the u s to make it their own Start thinking all southern Italians are anarchists and arresting people who we think are participating in anarchists behaviors Becomes a witchhunt for southern Italians Sacco and Vanzetti were two Italians who were arrested and executed for being anarchists On false pretencises Such a public case made individuals more inclined towards government Immigration Act of 1917 o Literacy test in order to enter the country In English they don t speak English If you failed the test you could be deported o Banned men and women from entering who were 3 D s dependents delinquents defectives undesirables Dependents people who are dependent on government Defective just about everybody Government has complete control over who they interpret as these things Immigration Acts of 1921 and 1924
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