Cumulative Study Guide From other tests Grade breakdown Exam 1 20 Exam 2 20 Exam 3 20 Paper 1 15 Paper 2 15 Quizzes 10 Quiz policy you cannot make up a quiz Race Pseudo Scientific Biology physical characteristics Inherited and unchangeable Modern Socially defined not biological Still based on physical features but is always changing Ex White Ethnicity Modern Group members themselves based on cultural linguistic or national traits Ex English American Nationality Being a citizen of a nation Ex United States Prince Akeem of Zamunda Race Black Ethnicity African Nationality Zamunda Push Factors causes person to leave country emigration war disease economic hardship lack of land appreciation religious intolerance Pull Factors causes person to come to a country immigration peace freedom economic opportunity availability of land established communities religious freedom Immigration Movement of people into a country Entering Emigration Movement of people out of a country Emigrate from Europe to the US Factors of Immigrant Success 1 Money Did they come with money or take jobs 2 Location Where are they going Competitive City Rural 3 Numbers Small large groups Gradual or all at once 4 Stereotypes What local population thinks about them Religion 5 Language Barrier J Hector St Jon Crevecoeur J Hector St de Cr vecoeur 1735 1813 Written from the point of view of an ordinary man Cr vecoeur s Letters from an American Farmer is the first text to ask and answer the question What is an American Although Cr vecoeur was describing life in the British colonies in America he used his character James to portray the new consciousness of emerging American society Ellis Island Paradigm Immigrant Assimilation Model focuses on Europeans old wave Northern Europeans English new wave Eastern Germans Italians Polish one way migrations treats the English as native not immigrants themselves Eurocentric Ignores Africans and Natives Americans Melting Pot Myth proportional blend see assimilation Assimilation Allowing one s original culture to be dominated by the local culture Forming to new culture Melting pot theory Traditional view of European colonization English thought they were the most important French Did not really matter because there were not a lot of them Spanish Importance is downplayed o Only there to conquer people and get famous Gold Glory and God Gold and Glory two must important English settlers formed a New England Moved across the continent slowly changing everything into New England and eventually it transformed into American Traditional view o Native Americans didn t matter Europeans didn t matter English Colonization English colonized Scotland and Ireland before coming to America People had adverse view towards Natives and didn t treat them well because of this Traders and missionaries among English settlers that were not sanctioned by the official English gov t English stayed close to Atlantic coast for most of Colonial Era Misunderstood the Native world didn t take steps to have a diplomacy with the Frontier Exchange Economy Traditional view of American slavery Mostly all wrong Slaves are black Black are slaves Slavery is a permanent situation Slaves accept their fate Slavery is predominantly American Slaves grow pick only cotton Slaves contribute little to American Colonial Culture Indian Native Slave trade Predates African slave trade Changed native meaning of captivity Indian tribes were hired by Europeans to be slave catchers Eventually they revolted and captured slave catchers Ended in 1715 due to too much loss of life on both sides Mortality of slave trade considered early on Wanted to use Africans instead Bartolom de Las Casas 1484 1566 Went to Cuba and witness atrocities at the hand of Conquistadors African Slave Trade lasts roughly 1500s 1800s 18 million people forced out of Africa 12 million came to new world Many died on the voyages Slave trade was justified by European stereotypes of primitivism Thought Africans were less human than them African slave trade tapped into and distorted local customs African slavery before European contact Captivity and unfreedom not new concepts Slaves served broad functions Many served in degrading and difficult jobs too Many slaves were captured through war or were slaves for crime or had to work off debt Slavery was fluid and changeable Capture March A lot of deaths from thirst hunger and fatigue Would kill slow sick ones to save time Forced to march along coast due to expensiveness of river networks Would stay in holding areas fortresses and barracoons Triangle Trade textiles rum manufactured goods to Africa slaves to America sugar tobacco cotton to Europe The Middle Passage middle way of Triangular trade Fed very little fed strong people compared to the weak Forced to move around dance on deck to keep muscles functioning Physical abuse Birth infanticide suicide Sexual violence Insurrections many attempted few succeeded If successful nobody knew because they would take over ship and get lost at sea To prevent Europeans would be more harsh enforce precautionary measures Not everybody participated Sugar Rice Tobacco What was primarily grown and harvested by slaves Expensive cash crops that required a lot of effort to grow England s First Colonial Venture Ireland English put a lot of their effort and resources and money into invading Ireland Ulster Where 80 000 Scots and English lived after Ireland was taken over by the English Here the Scots Irish were created Scots Irish New ethnic group created by Scottish and Irish living together WASPs White Anglo Saxton Protestant Meant being white which meant you were American which meant you were normal Virginia Virginia is a failure based on survival rates very low survival rates Traced to the terrible climate of Jamestown People looking to making lots of money very quickly Get rich quick scheme If based on economy they were good Tobacco was high selling which led to economic success Pilgrims vs Puritans Puritans wanted to reform the Church of England pilgrims wanted to leave it Formative Wave Migration 1600 1820 White Anglo Saxon Protestants W A S P From England were the only real white group Immigrants that believed they could start a new and better life and could create anything they wanted to if they were to move to America It was a blank slate Mainly western Europeans such as the British largest group Africans also came over during this time starting in 1609 but are not considered formative because
View Full Document
Unlocking...