08 27 2015 A way of grouping people together based off of the country where they were born or have citizenship A way of classifying groups of people who have something in common culturally including Foundational Ideas Nationality Ex American Ethnicity Language Religion Food Traditions Ex Hispanic American Race Ex color of skin shape of eyes Black White A way of classifying groups of people on the basis of real or imagine physical characteristics Seen as innate fixed inherent existing from birth Problematic Classification Nationality What country you re from it doesn t always reflect the way in which a group self identities Examples Subjects of A H Empire 1400 World wars Austria covered Poland Croatia Italy Italians do not see themselves as Austrian Kurds in turkey Iraq and Iran They don t have their own country Claim to be Kurds even if they live in either of these 3 countries Ethnicity it doesn t always provide an indication about the location from which the person emigrated Examples Jewish immigrants pre 1948 Jew from Spain Austria Russia etc Problems with the concepts of race 1 it was invented Carl Linnaeus 1735 Four races European American African and Asian Based his conceptions of race off of the idea of the four bodily humors and the four personalities which he then equated with groups of people European optimistic blood American irritable choler Asian depressed bile African calm Phlegm 2 Never any scientific consensus on the number of races other authorities Johann Blumenbach 5 races Jean Arman de Quatrefages 3 races Joseph Deniker over 20 races Dictionary of races hundreds of entries Why Scientists discovered new cases whenever groups did not fit into establish categories As people in Europe or America through immigration find races they didn t like ex Irish did not want to be in the same race as them 3 Racial Color Schemes Linnaeus and Blumenbach first scientists to equate race with color Issues What do you do with in between peoples like those from the Middle East Racial color isn t a particularly accurate representation of a person actual skin tone American red American Asian yellow Mongolian African black Ethiopian European white Caucasian Brown Malay Beauty Intelligence Energy levels Cunning Examples 4 using racial divisions people took unquantifiable subjective traits ones that vary from individual to individual and presented them as fixed biological truths applicable to entire groups of people Blumenbach and human beauty Thought white race was the most beautiful of all the races 5 The biological aspect of race used to justify racial hierarchies Racial and ethnical hierarchies a system of stratification tiers based on the belief that different groups are superior or inferior to others Ex European American Asian African Looked for traits that fit into bias and ignored those that didn t angle of face area of forehead Even bigger inconsistency Race is supposedly fixed or innate yet whenever the order of the groups on the racial hierarchy changed so too did the portrayals of their physical characteristics 6 Race is Final Point Approximation of miniscule physical difference And often a product of social cues rather than biology just because race was invented is tied to artificial color schemes and in many ways is a social construct does NOT mean one can disregard it completely either historically or today when individuals ignore race they often don t pick up on the ways that the concept and the biases that accompany it is ingrained in society it sucks t to hear people claim to be blind to race or color blind when you ve experienced discrimination on the basis of race Racial Stereotypes Oversimplified images or ideas regarding the characteristics of entire groups of people Negative Stereotypes why bad Straightforward may be based off of gender race and ethnicity Belittle Not necessarily true Overgeneralized Positive stereotypes also problematic why Ex all Asians are smart Ex all Africans are good at sports Create expectations that may not be attainable Overgeneralize lose sense of individuality Native Peoples Terminology Issues Indian or Native Americans Has turned into a negative term almost similar to Negros Native Americans described for all indigenous prisoners in the U S Indigenous Peoples British used to described those people in islands around Australia Call people what they call themselves Seminoles or Lakota Early History 15 000 12 000 BCE Bering Streak Late 1400s Early 1500s Early 1600s Columbus 1492 sailed the ocean blue Landed in Cuba then Caribbean Mexico city and Spanish take over British established permanent precedence James Town Disease 10 20 mill people Native population pre Columbus Virgin soil epidemic Native Americans Why little to no immunity to disease As groups crossed Bering streak they left sick and dying behind Lost exposure to diseases and lost immunity Few domesticated animals compared to Europeans Spread of viruses in an area where no similar diseases have occurred before Small pox Cholera Typhus Bubanic Nubanic Plague Europe Examples of the population Decline Cortes went to conquer Disease helped Cortez to capture Tenochtitlan from the aztecs Small pox hit and was able to take over with handful of men Small pox in 1832 in great plains killing of black feet and of pawny over 90 Mandan Total 17000 people died from one single outbreak Can be severe enough to wipe out half Stereotypes 1 Inferior Race Red Cherokee Indians Origins Why did European colonist embrace it Color associations Europeans took this seriously with different color Red race means bloody or passionate Law making Race is innate and unchanging Ex if you want to make citizen for certain people you would say you d have to be part of the white race Lennaus went off of 4 personality and humour idea Native American Choleric Meaning irritable Red 2 Noble Savage origins European philosopher and thinks who have never been to the U S Colonies were part of biblical Eden garden they viewed the people to be noble savages living the wilderness Characteristics Nobility Piety Goodness Example Humanity before the fall A man cam in early 1800s wanted to travel into the forest Was warned that he would die if traveled in the wilderness People who warned him on the frontier were known as ignoble savage opposite than those inside the woods 3 Ignoble Savage 4 Ecological Indian More recent version of the Noble Savage Stereotype Referred to Ecology used historically that wanted to move the environment
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