ch 1 Nationality Ethnicity Race A way of grouping people together based off of the country where they were born or have citizenship Doesn t always reflect the way in which a group self identifies Ex A H Empire Kurds in Turkey Iraq and Iran A way of classifying groups of people who have something in common culturally including language religion food and traditions Doesn t always provide an indication about the location from which the person emigrated Ex Jewish immigrants pre 1948 A way of classifying groups of people on the basis of real or imagined physical characteristics Seen as innate fixed existing from birth Four races European American African and Asian Invented by Carl Linnaeus conceptions based off of four bodily humors and four personalities 2 Never any scientific consensus on the number of races 3 Racial color schemes Linnaeus and Blumenbach 4 Using racial divisions people took unquantifiable subjective traits and presented them as fixed biological truths 5 Racial and Ethic Hierarchies system of stratification based on the belief that different groups are superior or inferior to others 6 a very rough approximation based on miniscule physical differences and often a product of social cues rather than biology Native people Early history 15 000 12 000 BCE Late 1400 s Columbus Early 1500 s Spain first to establish presence in new world Early 1600 s British establish a permanent residence in Jamestown Disease Native population pre Columbus Virgin soil Epidemic Spread of viruses across an area where no similar diseases have occurred before Ex Small pox and bubonic plague Few domesticated animals compared to Europeans Example of population decline small pox epidemic across plain region killed of the back fleet Stereotypes 1 Inferior race Red Origins European colonist embraced it Color associations o Red race bloody or passionate grouchy Law making 2 Noble Savages Origins Europeans who never came to the U S Characteristics Nobility goodness piety Examples 3 Ignoble Savage Origins Frontier people Characteristics people who lived in wilderness were savage 4 The ecological Indian Ecologist preserve nature in original state Conservationist cut down trees but put it to good use Pleistocene Extinctions Mega fauna mammoths giant land sloths armadillo Clovis points people hunted with them The Hohokam Buffalo Famous for building huge stretches of canals So much water with different minerals and salts that salivated the farm land and disturbed the ecological environment for there survival Head smashed in buffalo jump Crow preferred female bison hides easier to work with Stampede of buffalo off cliff Smell fire before you can see it Fire Native Americans saw fires as a tool to help them Black foot tribe and Sioux used the most Essays Open with a interesting and relevant quote fact or figure or start out with a statistic Lead with a bold but specific statement Ex From the mid to late 19th century power dynamics determined whether or not Irish immigrants received favorable treatment in the U S Ex Native American diseases start out with a statistic of how many died WASP s The British Not a homogenous people o Picts Britons Celts already in U K o Then invaders Saxons Angles 5th C Romans 1st C Mormons 11th C Vikings Second and Third Sons o Primogeniture oldest son inherited everything o Second and third sons got nothing and would be sent to clergy Knights Gentlemen merchants and other adventurers o First people to make it into new world o Didn t work with their hands Second and third sons died rapidly o Starvation o Disease drinking from contaminated water o Powhattans group pokauntis belonged to Ex Fernandino Wainman and William West West Killed by a native American Wainmen died of disease Who would go to new world o The bored Second and third sons o Religious others Puritans Quakers Catholics o The desperate Convicts indentured Three key colonies Virginia John Rolfe finds a way of growing tobacco and making Virginia profitable Massachusetts Virginia is forced to import labor slaves indentured servants 1 labor s in England 2 convicts By 1700 there were 117 000 indentured servants huge population coming into Virginia of poor people 60 000 were convicts I S were treated badly they were considered as goods they were worked to death Pro immigration but anti immigrants in favor of cheap labor but not in favor of giving rights Kings gone wild Henry XIII creator of the Anglican Church appoints himself as head of the church Leads to huge divide Catholics vs Anglicans Disagreement with Anglican church disagreement with British monarch persecution Catholics colony in Maryland 1620s Puritans Massachusetts Bay Colony 1630s Puritanism 1 a reform movement to change the Church of England o Beliefs 2 the haunting fear that someone somewhere may be happy appose Catholics protestant wanted Church of England to be stricter Strict rules no drinking dancing parties plays or celebrate Christmas If you spoke up about things you disagree about can be exceled o Goals live wanted people to join only if they agree with their beliefs and accept their way of life Shining city on the hill want to be an example of how to o Attitude towards migrants encouraged immigration and Pennsylvania Quakers o Beliefs professed that all leaders needed to be in priesthood o Conflict w other religios groups drew in members which affected money and the Anglican church o William Penn Charles II Granted huge tract of land by the king o Quakers a small religious faction in England encouraged every o Pluralism 1 peaceful coexistence of an array of different person of all religions to join groups or belief system 2 belief that various religious ethnic and political groups should be allowed to thrive in a single society Three basic models of American attitudes towards immigration 1 Want immigrants for labor anti rights Virginia 2 Exclude all but those who like us Massachusetts 3 Pluralism Pennsylvania WASPs White Anglo Saxon Protestants Selective group The Revolution and Early Years of the Republic Miscegenation Separation of sex and race Anti miscegenation laws o Loving vs Virginia 1967 Chattel slavery Plantation slavery Family slavery in northern colonies In southern colonies Virginia and Maryland Hierarchy on the plantation o Owner white male owned a lot of plantations o Manager related to owner waits to inherit plantation o Overseer poor white guy not related to manager or owner most hated man on plantation o Driver black slave slightly
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