Immigration to the United States First Wave 1830 1880 1 Who came Irish Chinese Germans o Hate them because they re Catholic o Hate them because of what they look like o We like them The America the First Wave Immigrated to think they know what an American is o Gatekeepers of American culture Stop immigration completely Nativist movement movement of people who do not like immigrants individuals who o What is an American WASPs o Small movement at first but as more and more people come in more and more people join this movement Becomes a political party o Infected by these immigrants Temperance Movement anti alcohol movement primarily upper and middle class WASP women who believe alcohol is a sin it leads people down bad paths will affect all of America if we let people drink o Irish and Germans are stereotyped as drunks o Starts small but as time moves on and immigrants move out of port cities it gains momentum o Eventually leads to prohibition Evangelicalism Protestantism Second Great Awakening a time when we have a renewed interest in the United States Protestant religion o Gets people who are already religious more religious o Gets people who were never religious religious o Stresses the idea that we want people that are just like us Remember Process of Emigration 1 Decision to leave or not to leave Factors o Propaganda literature from America we want immigrants to come just not many we need them to do the jobs Americans don t want to o Ads in newspapers o Travel accounts guidebooks o American Letters letters written from immigrants back to family and friends bragging about how great the US is o Power of the returned immigrant decide to go to the US make money then return to their home country OR Anti Immigration Forces Factors o Upper class use of clergy and journalists 2 o Families Use of American Letters families don t want immigrants to leave American letters can be used in a negative way as well 2 Traveling to the port city o Most immigrants live in the countryside and don t have money o The little money they have is initially spent in transporting from their hometown to a port city 3 Taking temporary residence in the port city o Ex cities like London o This causes job competition and a population influx in the given port city o Save up enough money or borrow enough money from a lender to buy a boat 4 Crossing the ocean ticket o Also need money for food on the boat can be traveling for 4 6 months Some immigrants don t know this so they end up going in debt to afford meals End up arriving to the US not only broke but in debt 5 Taking temporary or permanent residence in the city of arrival o Three main ports NYC Boston San Francisco o These cities have too much job competition If they have enough money upon arrival they will typically leave the city 6 Fitting into American society or trying to Success Factors 1 Money You must have it o Not a lot even a little is beneficial o Because you have a little bit in your pocket you can look around for a job and be more selective of the best paying o But most immigrants don t have much at all 2 Numbers small numbers are good large numbers are bad loss of power o We want immigrants but not a crazy amount 3 Location locate away from WASPs and not all together o You guys get away from us and if you do have to live here live in small numbers o Ethnic enclave areas where immigrant groups all come together and live in just Don t all live together the one place Ex Little Italy or China Town If they all live together they wont assimilate or acculturate 4 Stereotypes WASPs want you to have only good stereotypes o WASPs are very judgmental and control what they think of you o If you have a bad stereotype there is nothing you can do to change that o To lessen that stereotype over time the immigrants would have to assimilate 5 Assimilation must fit in and totally replace your culture o Most immigrants acculturate not assimilate o What if you can t change your skin tone looks etc Immigration from Ireland What made the Irish leave Ireland Dr Robbins Quick History of Irish English Relations Push Factors 3 1 The problem with England They hated each other 1169 Norman Invasion of Ireland o Henry II declared himself Lord of Ireland 1171 The Irish didn t like this Put under English rule against their will Re conquest of Ireland 1536 not just militarily but also with culture o Kingdom of Ireland o Henry VIII declares himself King of England and Ireland Decides he is going to bring English Culture religion to Ireland and shove it down their throats The Irish do not like this o Going to push Anglicanism on them he burns down churches kills priests and nuns forces them to speak the English language He believes that over time the old people will die out and younger people will adjust Plantation System 16th 17th centuries o Decide to hit the Irish where it hurt economically o Need more land less workers o Resulted in English are taking all the land away from Irish and deciding to farm sheep Taken over by plantations before this the Irish had small farms Moved from an economy that is making food to an economy that is making clothing Tenant farmers Irish Slavery taking away land the Irish used to own and forcing them to work on it for somebody else o Rural population population of farmers only when they immigrate to the United States they are going to be considered unskilled because the us doesn t need farmers o 1600 Irish own 80 land 1778 English own 95 1607 Penal Laws Basically slave codes for the Irish tells them what they can and can t do o It says they cant go to school makes a huge illiterate class of population Meant to keep them stupid o Outlaw the Catholic Church Punishable with jail time or in extreme cases death o Not allowed to vote not allowed to hold political office o Adopt rules from Caribbean slave codes Cant meet in groups larger than 5 cant carry things considered a weapon there s a curfew Overpopulation what overpopulation is not there s too many people it really means there s too many people for the nation to support Can t feed them house them employ them 8 million ppl In Sum Irish were a permanent underclass 2 The problem with the potato Need to grow a crop that won t get in the way of sheep Subterranean crop Going to plant them all over the place It is not uncommon for people to eat 20 lbs of potatoes in a week Importance of the Potato Potato Blight 1840s exporting potatoes from new world bring in a potato with a disease People go to get
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