AMH 2097 FINAL EXAM The Second Wave PULL Industrial Revolution need unskilled labor want more immigrants to come do the work Americans don t want to do Immigrants will mainly come from Eastern Europe Russia Southern Italy o They will go to big cities in California and Detroit where jobs double Progressive Era 1900 1920 White middle upper class individuals believe they know what is best for Americans Progressives Social Reformers o Implement laws to make sure food is safe pass 5 day work week pass labor laws that help immigrants pass child labor laws Scientific Racism intelligence based on facial structure physical characteristics o Craniology skulls measured size of skull shows inferior race o IQ Tests Tests to show intelligence eventually required to come into US or get a job o Eugenics says intelligence is hereditary Positive Reproduction Negative Sterilization BUCK VS BELL People who were sterilized tried to sue the Supreme Court ruled sterilization was okay Ellis Island Immigrations station that ALL immigrants had to go through processed over 12 million immigrants Immigration Act 1903 Anarchists jailed for beliefs Immigration Act 1917 Literacy tests required to enter US government has the right to send back anyone undesirable 3D s Dependents Delinquents Defectives 357 000 immigrants entering Quota Act 1921 1st large scale act that determined how many individuals of a particular group could enter country annually 3 Quota Act 1924 Tougher 2 164 000 immigrants entering QUOTA ACTS DO NOT APPLY TO NEIGHBORS MEXICO SOUTH AMERICA CARRIBEAN AND CANADA Catching Up with Our First Wave Immigration Groups Irish Americans Chinese Americans and German Americans Paper Sons Because public records were destroyed by an earthquake in California Chinese will claim to be children of male citizens in the US Angel Island CA 1910 1940 try to prove people are not born here Magnuson Act Chinese Exclusion Act repealed immigration legislation imposed that ends Naturalization Act WWI Targeting everyone of German descent even German Americans The Hun Anti German propaganda made by English that portrayed Germans as ape like and violent Pumped Up Patriotism American pride after entering WWI at times violent Prohibition Prohibited buying selling manufacturing of alcohol Progressives Hyper Assimilation German American response to WWI Germans try to prove they are Americans by changing their last names and beer names Immigration from Italy Italian Unification No such thing as country of Italy only kingdoms until 1917 Northern Italy vs Southern Italy o North Rich skilled cosmopolitan advanced HATED the South Come over in small numbers o South Peasants harsh life controlled by the Pope rich individuals who do not like the lower class treated poorly Come over in millions Mezzogiorno The southern portions ex Naples Sicily Mongrel Mutt mix of races used to describe Southern Italians because they were darker skinned La Famiglia Southern Italian family only institution that matters TRUST NO ONE ELSE Campanislismo Loyalty to those who live within the sound of the village church bells are semi trusted Vendetta When one family wrongs another Non Institutional Roman Catholic Church Italians only attend church a few times in their lives follow religion at home o Shrine Practicing religion in own home with candles Virgin Mary Southern Italians pray to her instead of God because she is more human Saints Each village has different saint Rosary Wrapped around hand always Magic another way to get stuff done WASPs thought of it as Witch craft devilish Tithe Catholic church tax Industrial Revolution Came to US because there were many jobs for unskilled workers Return Migration Plan was to come to US stay about 5 years and return to Italy would come back to the US after seeing Italy again Ritornati Sojourners birds of passage people who come back forth Little Italy s Ethnic enclaves in NY and Boston A city of villages Villages had own food dialect language and saint SHOWS ITALIANS DID NOT UNIFY ENEMIES WITHIN COMMUNITY Piccola Palermo Going to where Northern Italians were Padrone System A Group of men help find jobs places to live for other Southern Italians Padroni make money by taking part of what Italians make leads to Mutual Aid Societies Group of people come together to help each other out Like extortion Germans and social clubs Municipal works digging canals laying paving gas lines bridge building tunneling City Work Sweatshops Children work in factories because going to school would mean they are assimilating No labor law Problems with Progressives 1 Make school mandatory 2 Catholic Orphanages change names and raise children as Irish 3 WASP women tell Italian women what not to do at home 4 Scientific Racism continues Mafia vs Costa Nostra There for emotional support physical protection Our Mafia Myth All southern Italians are involved in organized crime perpetuated Thing in media o ONLY 0001 INVOLVED PRACTICALLY NO ONE The Godfather 1950s huge crackdown on crime Mario Puzo Author of Godfather book Basement Worship Sign of acculturation non institutional worship Scabs Person who breaks strikes work anyway Other immigrant groups dislike them 1940 Alien Registration Act Make people from other countries register US and walk around with alien enemy registration act Blue Collar Work Skilled paid well better than factories police fireman taught by family you can trust them Immigration from Mexico Mexican American War US wins keeps Mexico Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo Promised citizenship to Mexicans but 20 80 000 left No cruzamos la linea La linea nos cruzo a nosotros We did not cross the line the line crossed us Mexican opinion that land belonged to Mexico before belonged to the US Mexican Revolution Push factor for industrialization through foreign development Porfirio Diaz In control of Mexico during revolution upper class loved him Peons Mexican workers enslaved to major plantation owners Rurales Put down rebellions to keep peonage system Diaz puts this in order Mexican Race Unassimilatable brown inferior race Brown Scarce Other immigrant groups call them dirty fifthly or greasy because they work for cheaper Pachuco Proud of Mexican heritage dresses in crazy colors would get arrested for just being Mexican Street Gangs Mexican stereotype divide up areas to be claimed as turf Drug Cartel Mexican violent stereotype thought every Mexican was involved Myth of the illegal All Hispanics are illegal Love em Screw em Labor Cycle When
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