Key Terms List 2 Formative Wave Migration 1600 1820 White Anglo Saxon Protestants W A S P From England were the only real white group Immigrants that believed they could start a new and better life and could create anything they wanted to if they were to move to America It was a blank slate Mainly western Europeans such as the British largest group Africans also came over during this time starting in 1609 but are not considered formative because they had no power This group of people set up America and defined the standard of what an immigrant was First Wave Migration 1820 1880 First wave of non English Many settlers came to America to escape a problem in their home country Immigrants were not treated as fairly as the W A S P s Millions of people immigrated to America First wave included Irish Germans and Chinese Jamestown Virginia 1607 Settled on James River The economy struggled a lot in the early years as the people sent there were not equipped to build a colony They were so busy looking for gold and other exportable resources that they could barely feed themselves It was not until 1616 when Virginia s settlers learned how to grow tobacco that it seemed the colony might survive Plymouth The first English emigrants to what would become the New England colonies were a small group of Puritan separatists later called the Pilgrims who arrived in Plymouth in 1620 Massachusetts Bay the Massachusetts Bay Company sent a much larger group of Puritans to establish another Massachusetts settlement With the help of local natives the colonists soon got the hang of farming fishing and hunting and Massachusetts prospered Virginia Virginia is a failure based on survival rates very low survival rates Traced to the terrible climate of Jamestown People looking to making lots of many very quickly Get rich quick scheme If based on economy they were good Tobacco was high selling which led to economic success Tobacco Virginia finally found profitable crop Tobacco The Problem Very labor intensive Virginia Company staffed with goldsmiths jewelers and tailors o Didn t have any skilled laborers like carpenters to build or people who could grow crops Indentured Servants Could not afford to pay for their boat ride from England to North America Signed contract saying they would work off the cost of the trip once they arrived in North America o Usually lasted for seven years o Ship captain would sell the contract to a plantation owner in the new world Treated as an investment o Towards the end of their serving period owners would be more and more harsh Pull Factor Wanted own settlement where they could make their own religion Wanted to be an example o Would add years to their serving period Massachusetts Push Factor Religious Freedom that people want to follow Fairly stable ratio of women and men 20 000 people went there 7 years later population jumped to 100 000 Pop of New England more than tripled by Massachusetts Brought people who could work specialized labor Pilgrims vs Puritans Pilgrims wanted to leave the Church of England while Puritans wanted to reform it Bacon s Rebellion 1676 Nathaniel Bacon got approx 500 people and attacked Virginian government wanting land and freedom But he died and rebellion fizzled out 13 English Colonies The colonies that came together to form the United States Consisted of the New England Colonies the Middle Colonies and the Southern Colonies Maryland Maryland formed as a haven for English Catholics Overflow from Virginia looking for more land Lord Baltimore Important political advisor o Came out publicly and said he was a Catholic o Was given his own land by the king was able to make money of off their produce Overtime Catholics get outnumbered by Church of England By 1700 s it is mostly members of the Church of England and Lord Baltimore IV becomes a member of the Church of England Pennsylvania 1681 Established as a haven for Quakers by William Penn William Penn William Penn was beaten for two years after becoming Quaker originally aristocratic Penn actively promoted it offered cheap land religious tolerance jobs to anyone Lot of people made their way to Pennsylvania Quaker o No matter what race nationality gender all equal in the eyes of God o No social or religious hierarchy Women aloud roles and leadership roles in the Quaker church o Pacifists that believed in not fighting o Quakers often beaten because of their non violent beliefs o Very tolerant of other cultures o Legally prohibited establishing a church that citizens have to be a member of o Democratic All property holding men could vote and hold office o Actively promoted Pennsylvania Offered cheap land and religious tolerance to anyone that came over New Amsterdam New Netherland Established by the Dutch Capital was New Amsterdam Dynamic Trade center Goods filtered through New Amsterdam Wall Street Dutch built a wall so that people would have to go through customs if they wanted to enter their Dutch Migration Fewer settlers o Not much diversity mainly there for trade o Most were not Dutch just employed by Dutch bankers o Very diverse o Becomes New York in 1664 o Highly visible group colony Old Dutch in the US Pre 1780s o Adapted to English and American culture o Speaking English o Going to public schools New Dutch in the US 1810s 1850s o Coming to form their own farming communities o Came for economic opportunity Endogamy New Dutch practiced endogamy Marrying within their cultural or religious ethnic group Exogamy Old Dutch practiced exogamous marriage Marrying people outside of their cultural ethnic group Ethnic Enclaves Communities that are settled around a racial ethnic or national ideal Little Italy Practice Endogamy and forming churches and private schools for their kids to go too German Migration Germans were largest self supporting group Migration in the 17th 18th and 19th Chinatown Reinforce old practices centuries German society 1500s 1700s Push factors Political cultural and religious turmoil Feuding and wars going on with smaller states of Germany o o o There was a military draft Constriction All men at a certain age had to serve in the military without a choice even quakers couldn t get out of it Pull factors land religious tolerance Louisiana Destination Pennsylvania Majority New York New Amsterdam North South Carolina French Country of Germany There was no country of Germany until 1871 Small states Germans were largest self reporting group Political cultural and religious turmoil Trying to define
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