Chinese terms Qing Dynasty Gov officials were dispersed around the country 80 90 were peasants Very difficult work in the rice fields They began to smuggle various items in and out of the country Opium Opium was to be seized and destroyed England went to war with China in result of the Opium termination Afong Moy first spotted Chinese person in America Toward the west coast in a diorama Thousands of Americans watched in AWE as she Ate with chop sticks Walked with bound Used an abacus Over 90 of people in San Francisco were men Wild frontier town Magnet for intellectuals during this time In the 50 s over 80 of people were foreign born Chinese Consolidated Benevolent Association 6 clans together who had most powerful clan order in China town and protection in cities not just to help but to make sure every Asian was in a clan helped men send money back to China sponsored temples Tongs Smuggling prostitutes into US Worked in Chinatowns Women were kidnapped and forced to be prostitutes in the US Were sometimes used as tongs 1877 was the hysteria against the Chinese Chinese Exclusion Act Donaldina Cameron Missionary who helped save Chinese prostitutes faced a lot of violence from tongs break windows raid and burn down houses learned trade and work at the reform house Chinese Presbyterian Mission Gold mining Almost all Chinese men known for very good hygene and hard workers some became prosperous and formed Chinese culture in the mining camps whites reacted negatively People v Hall Started as a murder trial white murdered Chinese men Chinese could not testify in court argued that chinse were not like Indians the judge said that everyone that wasn t white they were black Transcontinental railroad Would unite east with west America very important Chinese workers were used when Americans wouldn t work heavy dangerous work for Chinese men Chinese work was cheaper and faster Chinese Exclusion Act 1882 banned Chinese from immigrating hoped all Chinese would leave seattle tried to ban all Chinese out of their town would stay this way til after WWII 1952 act was lifted Anti Semitism What was the basis of pogroms which is the racial hatred of the jewish race Pogroms Organized riots anti jewish riots organized in eastern Europe often allowed by police and political officials Which lead to the mass migration of the jewish race Believed that the jews were the cause of the death of Jesus The first wave of first immigration in 1880 was spurred by a wave of these riots started in 1881 in Russia by Zar Alexander 10s of thousands of jews were killed in riots mostly random attacks ran by mobs allowed by police Tenement houses Designed to house huge numbers of people in very small space Most rooms were windowless and very small point is to cram as many people as possible Generally had 3 rooms front room kitchen and bedroom Front room was the only room with light or air More than likely when the window opened it was facing another tenement house 97 Orchard St Most of the tenement homes can be found here Had 20 apartments under 5 stories with 5 people living in each apartment Lots of gangs in the neighborhoods Over 1 3 of the inmates in NYC prison were jewish Nativist targeted this racial group Did not escape discrimination when they immigrated from Europe Police treated jews unfairly because they were irish immigrants Leo Frank lynching of a man in Atlanta GA One day one of his workers a 13 year old girl was found dead in his basement He was the last one to see her alive He was put on trial for her murder the prosecutioner portrayed her as a rich Yankee Jew who was taking advantage of little girls Found guilty and sentenced to death Governor changed his sentence to life in prison rather than execution The nights of mary fagen 25 people who hung Leo frank including judges governors police and people of law Picture postcards were sold of his death throughout the city including pieces of rope and clothing as souvenirs Orthodox Jews Stressed the importance of ritual and traditions They were not concerned with what the rest of society thought about them Set themselves apart in culture diet dress and ways of life In about 1880 90 of synagogues were reformed Eastern European Jewish immigrants reformed American Judaism Yiddish A language that was unknown to the Americans Germanic language that has a Hebrew lettering system A language of eastern European Jews Yiddish newspapers films radio stations and singers Italians terms Mezzogiorno Region in the south of Italy and sicilia island There was an increasing population in Italy of peasants All Italians had very small plots of land Sharecropping was found throughout Italy Grew chestnut trees for flour olives for cooking fruits to eat and grapes for wine Women stayed close to home and didn t work but around the house Peasants were tied to the land Only the peasants with the most money could have seeds and tools for land Grew chestnut trees for flour Olives for olive oil Grew grapes for wine Worked for pay as day laborers Work at home was a social task Over summers work was done outside Spun cloth weaved washing clothes etc These were also social tasks PICK AND SHOVEL WORK Rare for women to work outside of the home Considered to be improper for women to interact with men that were not apart of their family Took in borders to earn extra money Usually were relatives Women made artificial flowers for the home Virtually always owed someone money Sent large sums of money back to their family back in Italy Most of these people didn t think they would stay in the US Campanilismo The church tower in a village Meaning you are loyal to your village People from these different areas spoke different forms of Italian sloppy grammar Italian neighborhoods were divided The Domus Much less was given to people who were not apart of your family Family had a great control in their children Marriage Young unmarried women were watched over constantly Strong expectation that children would contribute to the well being of the family People lived in close proximity to each other same tenement building Was one of the most despised Italian groups in US Referred to them as Gitties Thought as not white different race Prone to dangerous criminal tenancies The Festa Religious feast day in honor of a saint Almost all of the Italian areas had a patron saint Continued these festas in the US Celebrations were low key But some were huge events Millions of Catholics in America by the time Italians
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