Final Exam Study Guide 19 th Century Germans o Lower Class market o Potato blight why many migrated chain migration and depressed grain o Major cities o Proto industrial factories many had knowledge with factory work o Tenements lived like Irish unhealthy apartments Same conditions o Fought with Irish fought for the same lower paying jobs Irish Catholics and protestant Germans because of its religious aspect Middle and upper class Germans come over because of economic and political turmoil in Germany Middle Class o Proto factories in Germany factories put smaller businesses out of a job Moved to the frontier in America for a fresh start however there are no factories of the frontier Largest numbers of Germans that migrate come from the middle class First Wave Immigration 6 Million o Upper Class o Europe 1848 revolution flee to America 40 eighters o Well educated and have a lot of money democratic revolutionaries o 48ers o Only 10 000 came but were politically active believed in democracy and believe in anti slavery Backbone of the economy By the 1850s there were 200 000 Germans coming to America each year Location o Primarily settled in mid west no land left in PA so they migrate towards the mid west not yet fully settled land German triangle Ohio Wisconsin and Missouri o Settlement based on religion o Ethnic enclaves promote German culture and beliefs o German triangle between the cities of Cincinnati Milwaukee and St Louis ALL DIFFERENT 19th Century German American Culture they will use the church to promote their cultures and anti assimilation o Kirchendeutschen church culture societies Promoted German dances music and language Put on dances and events to do this Started by German Protestants o Parochial schools o Vereinsdeutschen German societies not linked with the church but still promoted German culture o German language newspapers in every community in the mid west o Eventually become German Americans Germans started marrying American families and adopt American ways 19th Century Germans Model Immigrants o Race resemble WASPS because they are white and Protestant o Money Germans had a lot of money and WASPS liked that And they can settle away from the WASPS o Numbers large number of them geographically spread out not a threat to wasps o Location able to move across PA and have so can settle away from WASPS out of sight out of mind Numbers are not threatening o Stereotypes Germans all have positive stereotypes fit in in every category o Did they assimilate They don t begin assimilating till the late 1800s They wanted to keep their own heritage After German Unification relations between America and Germany continually improved German Day celebrated once a year 1890s till WWI WWI o 1900 German Americans total American population o WWI Germany Austro Hungary and Ottoman Empire Vs o Britain France and Russia eventually America o Because of Germany it will drive America to the British WWI Public Opinion o NOT WWII o Divided into 2 groups o Woodrow Wilson o The hyphenates o Lucitania Unrestricted submarine warfare and the Zimmerman Telegraph would put guns on the merchant ships o Americans declare war in 1917 Anti German Hysteria o APL American Protective League started by the attorney general of the US Any private citizen could join and job was to spy on the German neighbors and report suspicious German activity It was started by the dept of justice o Internment o German language 1917 passed anti German language laws Cannot speak German on the phone or in public Teaching of German cannot be taught in schools it was unconstitutional after the war Cleanse America with everything German o Libraries and newspapers o Ethnic slurs and harassment called Germans Huns barbarian tribe o Lynching for disloyalty ex Robert P Prager 1918 Enemy Adolf Hitler Chinese Immigration o 300 000 immigrate between 1850 1880 to America They were a first wave migration West coast migration Where as the Germans and Irish were east coast immigrates o They are the first immigrant group to have laws passed against them Their migration is relatively small in comparison to their total population Most of the 300 000 come from the same area Guangdong Tai Shan o 5 push factors o Crop failure in some areas there was a population density of 1 000 people per square mile Too many people to feed Little room for error when harvesting crops Used primitive farming techniques and Guangdong had to import foods to feed their population Major issue River flooding hindered much of the farming process o Tsunami had 2 that devastated the land and there was no warning of these horrible weather problems o Warfare China was divided up into provinces A clan a group of families bonded together by a common reason ruled these provinces The clan provided the emperor with people to fight the war and in return the emperor gave the clan special power Punta Hakka clan war that lasted for 15 years o 1850s Taipang rebellion against the emperor Many clans revolted and tried to overthrow the emperor but they failed and the emperor stayed in power 20 million died in this rebellion o British The British had trading posts set up in Guangdong Christian missionaries to get people to convert to Christianity which the Chinese did not want followed them This caused a rupture in families and under sold products and took out many Chinese businesses All revolved around California ample land crops and jobs California could make you very rich This worked because in 1848 CA had just become a territory of the US taken from Mex and some Americans had moved to CA and began building a sawmill for the people in CA builder found gold in the river COULDN T o Pull factors KEEP THIS QUIET GOLD RUSH very few struck gold CA was called the golden mountain Return migration send one family member to America then get money enough to bring the money back to China and give it to the family so they could be prosperous in China LEW FAMILY no family members left in China that was responsible and not all together Had much debt to pay off in America from China Chinese Jobs o California gold fields sift through dirt and river to find gold but must own land so they could claim whatever gold was found However discriminated by violence Americans would cheat Chinese out of gold found and give them less money yellow price This will drive them away from the gold fields o Next big opportunity railroads Trans continental railroad built beginning during the civil war and begins in the
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