Final Exam Study Guide The key to this exam is to comprehend these groups by using studying your notes Below is the most important part of the study guide Almost definitely a test question Things Ms Thompson has told us Mexicans o Push factors o Stereotypes In 1850s Mexicans did not come to America For those who immigrate after 1880 1 Leave Mexico because of conditions 2 Came to US for economic opportunities Race Brown skin pigment not white Mexican Race constructed as lazy and backwards Southeast blacks Southwest Mexicans Brown Scare Inferiority Lazy o Siesta Unintelligent Crime Oriented The Illegal Mexican o Discrimination Land In 1850 1 3 farm owners and 1 3 skilled workers In 1900 2 3 are unskilled labor Whites pushed Mexicans off land Wages Maquiladoras So low that whites did not want them Excluded from white labor unions Housing Whites barred Mexicans from renting or owning homes in white neighborhoods Barrios Formation of gangs o Assimilation Resistance Chicano political movement 1960s o o Movement that fought for political representation and less discrimination Assimilation against Mexicans Bilingualism Move settle throughout Midwest South and Northeast US Slowly but surely climbing in social status Higher education Separateness Jobs Language Elites excluded from white social clubs and groups 48 professionals dropped to 13 Unskilled from 16 to 32 Names accents viewed as Mexicans Cubans o Push factors Cuban Revolution o Stereotypes Positive Culture Anti Communist Model Latino Group Affluence Political conservative Catholic Santeria Afro Cuban religion Family Food Negative Drug cartels Violent Brown Race o Discrimination o Acculturation Enclave Little Havana Miami Keep language culture and traditions Community solidarity Family and kinship networks Puerto Ricans o o o Push Factors Stereotypes US annexation Discrimination Take on stereotypes of Mexicans Crime Gangs Drugs Teen pregnancy 65 high school graduation rate o Assimilation Early education English Ideals of American democracy Migration NE cities to South FL Came over poor from bootstrap and live in segregated neighborhoods results in These are the only people of African descent living in the US that were NOT a part of the slave trade Highest population from Double identity New Africans o Push Factors Economic opportunities Higher education Refugee Nigeria Somalia Egypt Ghana o o o o o o o o o Culture NYC South Florida Reggae Cuisine Jamaicans Learn English quickly Employment percent is higher than national average Largest group of Afro Caribbean Owned by British until 1962 Speak English Largest settlements Learn English quickly Employment percent is higher than national average Owned by France Speak French Haitian Revolution 1794 Duvalier dictatorship Haitians o o o o o o o o Late 1970s 1980s Largest settlements Little Haiti Miami South Florida Culture Voodoo Asians Far East o o o Asian and Asian Americans Because Chinese are largest and first they set the stereotypes Population Filipino 3 7 million Korean 1 7 million Vietnamese 1 7 million Japanese 1 3 million Asian total 17 3 million or 5 6 of US population Hinduism is the majority but also Christians Buddhists and Islamic Islam religion is where confusion occurs o Demographics Major population centers CA NY DC TX Religious diversity 50 have a 4 year college Income higher the than the national average Fastest growing population group Indians o Come from India NOT Native Americans Official census term is Asian Indian Not Middle Eastern 3 2 million Settle in major cities NYC LA DC Highly educated 70 have a Bachelor s degree 40 have a MA PhD or professionals degree Brain Drain Highest income of all other Asian groups Religion Culture Food Bollywood Arabs Middle East NOT Muslims Religion Confused as Middle Easterners Only 25 of Arab Americans practice Islam 50 practice Christianity o Migrate to the US o o o o o o o o Majority come from Education Religious Freedom Refugees Lebanon largest Syria Iran Persians Palestine Iraq 1 7 million o o Metro areas Detroit NYC LA DC o Higher education and income 45 have Bachelor s degree Higher income than national average o Stereotypes Racial profiling Gender Equality Islamic Religion After 9 11 this group faces the most discrimination Women thought to be inferior Immigration Laws Naturalization o o Immigration Restriction Act of 1921 Bolshevik Revolution Maximum of 357 000 people per year Immigration Act of 1924 The National Origins Quotas Only 2 of that nations population already living in the US can come per year Based on 1890 census Overall cap of 150 000 per year o From 1921 1965 the National Origins Quota was policy Remember Chinese still excluded Mexicans did not count with exceptions of 1930s because of Zig Zag theory Groups not herein 1890 will NOT get in o o o Immigration and Naturalization Act of 1965 Hart Cellar Act Ended the 1924 National Origins Quotas 2 of the country of origins current population is allowed per year 170 000 overall cap per year Preference is given to immigrants skill and familial relationships to US citizens Allowed new immigrants to come from 1965 Today After 9 11 the INS changes to US citizenship and Immigration Services USCIS Under US department of Homeland Security USCIS handles all forms and processing of materials related to immigration and naturalization o Exemptions from 1924 1965 Professionals College students Ministers Wealthy businessmen Refugees Chinese Jews Cuban Latin America Caribbean Africa Asia India Middle East o Third Wave of immigration o Common Examples F 1 Student Visa I 485 K 3 Temporary resident Green card Permanent resident Spouse VISA I 140 Naturalization o Petition for an alien relative Process of becoming a citizen Application is N 400 Eligibility to apply for citizenship Resident for 5 years Hold a green card for 5 years Be of good moral character Pass the language and citizenship exam Long and frustrating Diverse Expensive about 1200 Approximately 680 000 naturalizations per year Hispanic Latino o o Mestizos o o o o o Key Terms these will help with the multiple choice but are not the only thing you should be studying Roman name for Spain US Government terms those of Spanish Heritage o o o Mexican Puerto Rican Cuban Dominican and central or south American Preferred term Spanish heritage African and Native American ancestry The middle of the Latino Racial Hierarchy Term for mixed people Those who have Spanish blood combined with African and or Native blood History of
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