Nationality Race and Ethnicity Final Exam Fall 2013 Study Guide Basic Terms and Content Race A category of human being with distinct physical characteristics transmitted by descent and set in a racialized hierarchy o 16 17th century race Kinship Ties o 18th century present physical characteristics skin color hair color facial features etc Racial hierarchy The stratification of and substantial inequality among physically distinctive groups Ideological racism is an ideology that considers a group s unchangeable physical characteristics to be linked in a direct casual way to psychological or intellectual characteristics and that on this basis distinguishes between superior and inferior racial groups o Germans Nazi s treatment of the Jews Racialization is the process by which those in the dominant white group especially its elites have defined and constructed certain groups as being racially inferior or superior for the purposed of societal placement and of group enrichment segregation or oppression Racial Groups A social group that persons inside or outside the group have decided is important to single out as inferior superior typically on the basis of real or alleged physical characteristics selected subjectively An Ethnic Group is defined as a group socially distinguished or set apart by others or by itself primarily on the basis of cultural or national origin characteristics o Ancestry Minority group or subordinate group is a group of people who because of their physical or cultural characteristics are singled out from others in the society which they live for differential and unequal treatment and who therefore regard themselves as objects of collective discrimination Race o Susie Guillory Phipps vs The State of Louisiana in 1980 Birth certificate said black o Definition has changed overtime Today Race is one s culture defined by society 16th 17th Race is kinship linkage family 18th 20th Race is physical traits o Johann Blumenbach German anatomist 1975 Caucasians Europeans Mongolians Asians Ethiopians Africans Americans Native Americans Malays Polynesians o Stereotypes an over generalization associated with racial or ethnic category that goes beyond existing evidence o Racial hierarchy ranking categorization based on what the dominant group thinks English Immigration U S Constitution 1787 o Article One Black colored person slaves Slavery continued and didn t cover Northern States and still apart of the South 3 5 person the House of Representatives Slavery South counted slaves this way to have more seat in slave trade continued until 1808 Fugitive Slave Act Immigration o Alien Sedition and Naturalization Acts o Nation of Immigrants Limitations on Immigration Job loss Power gets diluted from origin settlements Fearful of spies because of war from Great Britain Alien Acts President has the right to expel anybody o Sedition increased residency requirements from 5 14 years Naturalization Act given citizenship had to spend time 4 yrs before What defines a person s race o Susie Guillory Phipps o I Drop Rule Sued the state of Louisiana in 1980 Tried to get colored removed from birth certificate 1970 Louisiana Blood Law 1 32 of Negro blood in DNA colored person 1 64 of Negro blood in DNA white person Susie was descendant of plantation owner and slave No gene s that define race color Race is Lineage What is Race o Race Racial Hierarchy 16 17th century race kingship linkages family names 18th century to present race physical characteristics skin color hair type and facial features o Johann Blumenbach German anatomist 1795 Caucasians Europeans Mongolians Asians Ethiopians Africans Americans Native Americans Malays Polynesians Race Scientifically Categorized o Biological racial initiatives o Is there a biological distinction to race Not biological It s cultural o Racist Ideology Can t tell from DNA 20th century There is no distinct way to identify race Race is a social construct Ideological Racism Racialization o One Race believing they are superior psychological and intellectually o Holocaust is a good example o Today race is a social construct o W A S P White Anglo Saxon Protestant feel superior because of background race religion won t let anyone into their group Racial Group Ethnicity o Ties to Ideological Racism o Black Brotherhood KKK Whotus and tootsies o Origins of word Ethnic Ethnos Nation o An Ethic Group o Ancestry Where does your family come from Ethnic Groups o Minority group or subordinate group Kyle Runner o Dominant Group Politics and Power o Ethnocentrism Cultural distinctions o What is culture o Multiculturalism o Stereotypes Group defined by beliefs life style etc English Immigration Turning the Colonists into Americans 1st Immigrants o Spanish arrived 1st looking for goods many integrated with locals not looking for permanent stay o 350 000 English by early 18th Century in about 100 years o 1820 1950 Nearly 3 million English Immigrants o Prac of colonized migration Involve subordination of Indigenous societies 4 Distinct English Speaking Groups o Quakers o Puritans Pilgrims o Virginian Royalist o Borderland Immigrants Question Who is more less successful when immigrating to the New World Virginian Royalists o From South England o 1642 1675 largest amount of V R came to the New World and realized there was money to be made o The Virginia Company Looking for gold no gold in VA o 1607 more than 105 settlers lower mid class mean only 39 survive 9 months o 1609 boat arrives again with women this time late tobacco is o 1607 1624 14 000 settlers many become extremely wealthy Puritans o Protestants who came for religious freedom o Massachusetts 1629 1640 o Divine Mission To create a model Christian society and model for God o Why leave from England Stricter ideas of Christianity against church of England being unfairly persecuted Pilgrims o 1607 Pilgrims flee to Holland Expelled from England because they turn violent on occasion o Radicals known as separatists o Church of England sin to Catholic Church Felt the Church of England should reform further Didn t want there to be a pope Didn t believe any worship of relics holy water music No one person dictates religion to a group o Set out in 1620 to the New World on the Mayflower Had no governing body to answer to Raised own fund o Mayflower Compact Agreement to abide by laws made by people elected elders etc Early legal document in U S history 1691 began integrating with the rest of MA MA Bay Colony otherwise stayed isolated for
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