Race and Ethnicity in the U S 11 8 W E B Du Bois 1868 1963 He believed the best way for African Americans to be helped and to help themselves was through Political Enfranchisement voting He founded Alpha Phi Alpha one of the traditionally African American fraternities Has a PhD from Harvard Headed the NAACP in 1910 he was one of the founders and the early leaders Author intellectual historian Cared very much about racism and politics Black Codes Post Civil War laws mostly 1860s Mostly associated with reconstruction Unofficial customs with the goal to allow white people to continue to control African Americans especially their labor To control the newly freed African Americans Passed by all former slaves states some in the Union not all were in the confederacy African Americans could not o Testify on juries o Own guns o Required to sign yearly labor contracts o They could have been charged with vagrancy if they left the place where they were told to live Vagrancy the state of wandering from place to place having no permanent home or means of livelihood o Etc ethic Although similar to Jim Crow Laws these are considered different Based on the idea that all African Americans are all lazy with a bad work They also had to agree to certain kinds of behavior smoking drinking etc Sounds like slavery to me In South Carolina persons of color contracting for service were to be known as servants and those with whom they contracted as masters On farms the hours of labor would be from sunrise to sunset daily except on Sunday Absentees on Sunday must return to the plantation by sunset House servants were to be at call at all hours of the day and night on all days of the week They must be especially civil and polite to their masters their masters families and guests and they would receive gentle and kind treatment Corporal and other punishment was to be administered only upon order of the district judge or other civil magistrate A vagrant law of some severity was enacted to keep the Negroes from roaming the roads and living the lives of beggars and thieves The Strange career of Jim Crow A book by C Vann Woodward o From Arkansas PhD from UNC o He taught history at Yale o He wrote about the South o Becomes a famous historian they name a chair after him at Yale and he was also the president of the AHA American Historical Association Published in 1955 Read by millions not just history students Martin Luther King Jr called Woodward s book the historical bible of the civil rights movement Why was this book so important Timing o In 1954 the Supreme Court ruled that schools must be integrated due to Brown v Board of Education Book is published one year later o People were very much talking about the subjects The Author o He was from the south o He knew how things were in the south o People could not go about saying things such as this person doesn t know what it s like here or this author doesn t understand what he s talking about Its message Van Woodward s 4 ideas about Jim Crow 1 Segregation started in the North The south followed the trend it is not essential to the southern way of life 2 Segregation in the south did not always exist started in 1880s 1890s Brought about from the north 3 It got worse over time instead of better worse 4 Thought of as eternal Historically other situations similar to this got better over time not People thought that this has always been like this or this has always been the southern attitude Vanwoodward says that this is not true
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