Race and Ethnicity Exam 2 Study Guide Scots Irish and Irish 06 11 2011 03 17 00 English Tried to colonize Ireland before America Ireland has fertile land for grazing Irish Catholics o English broke away from Catholic Church and made enemies Concurred Northern Ireland Ulster o Forced Irish into servant ship 593 Irish Revolt against the English o English used this as an excuse to exterminate Irish This cleared a lot of land Emptied English work force 1603 James I Colonized Northern Ireland o Opened English land in Ireland to Scots o Second Wave Migration in the 1630s First Decade of 1600s 40 000 Scots arrive in Ireland o They were Presbyterian o Slaughtered Irish Catholics 1608 1650 600 000 people kill in N Ireland Origins of Scots Irish Scotch Irish Formative Wave 1700 1775 4th Great Migration Northern Ireland Scottish Low and Borderlands Life in Scotland o Stone houses with no circulation or insulation o In cold weather cattle was brought indoors to keep warm This exposed the owners to diseases o Entire diet consisted of oatmeal Were able to add butter but since they were needed on the fields they couldn t churn the butter all day Instead the put a frog in cream to churn butter English offered cheap land to Scottish in Ireland o Better soil better farmland o Scots were very hard workers o Marshes were drained for more farmland o Scots introduced the Irish to potatoes French Huguenot French broke away from Catholic church Immigrated into Ireland o Taught Scots Irish to make better quality wool o 1680 s Scots Irish dominated wools trade Threatened to put English wool traders out of business English Royalty Pushed Irish to America 1660 s King Charles Beheaded o His three children wanted to claim the throne The English wanted another family member to rule James II Charles son built an army to claim throne Invaded Ireland to destroy killed many Scots 1690 defeated in Londondairy James II s invasion didn t end immigration into Ireland o 1700 100 000 Scots lived in N Ireland working to make a society for themselves Push Factors o Woolens Act passed by British Parliament English textile merchants complained about being out produced by Irish textile merchants Scots Irish could not export wool products to England Caused economic depression in Ireland o 1714 1719 Famine crops dried up 500 000 people starved to death o English land owners raise rent place famine blame on Scots Scots were bad farmers and the famine wasn t real o Tercentary Acts passed by British Parliament Scots Irish could not hold government office unless they were a member of the Church of England Presbyterian leaders thrown out caused disarray English sent over church members to govern All marriages performed by Presbyterian ministers were null and void Scots Irish in America sided against the British during the Revolution 300 000 Scot Irish and lowland Scots came to America by 1700 o These immigrants came in continuous waves o Over half came from northern Ireland Came into Philadelphia but there was no good land so they moved farther south into the backcountry o Shenandoah Valley North and South Carolina Appalachian Mountains etc bread basket of the south o Very fertile land large mortality rate o Large Indian threat Moved as an entire families there was no where for them in Ireland Wide range of economic statuses o Constantly strived to make themselves better They were penniless and couldn t pay rent in Ireland o By late 1700s early 1800s they were middle or upper class The elite class made trades and raised livestock Proud and violent o Had to be able to defend themselves o Very sensitive because of English bullying in Ireland Scots Irish thrived in the backcountry famous pioneers hunters o Davie Crockett o Daniel Boone Andrew Jackson famous American Scots Irish o Very on edge took offense to people calling him names o Fought duels to the death o At 16 he was capture by British American Revolution Hated the British for the rest of his life Scots Irish helped turn the revolution in the south o 1763 King George III s proclamation prohibited private settlements west of mountains Over the mountain men Scot Irish who went west of the mountains to build small farms dirt floor cabins and living as they pleased a people apart o This helped them become part of the dominant group German Migration Pennsylvania Dutch wasn t a collective group until 1871 Origins of Migration Pull Factors o Quakers were popular in Germany and they were able to practice this religion without interference in America Push Factors o Plagues in Germany o 30 Years War 35 of Germany died In some areas less than 10 of the population survived o Cold snap in Germany during the 1700s o Word of Mouth was spreading that America was a great place Typical Pennsylvania Dutch Family Families generally traveled together They could read and write Farming families They were very proud of German Heritage o They refused to assimilate into the dominant group o Until the late 1800 s they almost all spoke German German farms were very distinctive o They had big barns and lots of children o They kept to themselves British hired Germans to fight in American Revolution Americans didn t trust Germans Benjamin Franklin notoriously hated the Germans Germans were a good immigrant group because They were out of sight out of mind o They moved out of the cities and stayed out of the way of the WASPs They had money o Their money allowed them to move out of the cities Their farms were valuable o They made a lot of money off of their farms which were very successful German Impact on America Largest immigrant group ever to come to America 17 of US Population claims German ethnicity German Traditions o Hamburgers hot dogs soft pretzels apple pie Santa Beer o Eberhart Anheuser and his son in law Adolphus Busch joined together to created Anheuser Busch Manufactures the US s most popular beer Budweiser 19th Century Germans first wave immigration 6 million Germans to Lower Class German Migration USA o Potato Blight and depressed Grain Market Caused Germans to buy cheap tickets to America Potatoes in Ireland were ruined by fungus Grain market fell because of American wheat o They moved to major cities because they had little money Lived in Tenements apartments with no building codes Each room held 10 20 people Used pots to urinate dumped them onto streets Many fires because there were no kitchens Often collapsed because they weren t built well Fought with Irish for jobs German Protestants vs
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