Final Exam Study Guide The key to this exam is to comprehend these groups by using studying your notes Below is the most important part of the study guide Almost definitely a test question Things Ms Thompson has told us Mexicans o Push factors o Stereotypes Race In 1850s Mexicans did not come to America For those who immigrate after 1880 1 Leave Mexico because of conditions 2 Came to US for economic opportunities Brown skin pigment not white Mexican Race constructed as lazy and backwards Southeast blacks Southwest Mexicans Brown Scare Inferiority Lazy o Siesta Unintelligent Crime Oriented The Illegal Mexican o Discrimination Land Whites pushed Mexicans off land In 1850 1 3 farm owners and 1 3 skilled workers In 1900 2 3 are unskilled labor Wages Housing So low that whites did not want them Excluded from white labor unions Maquiladoras Whites barred Mexicans from renting or owning homes in white neighborhoods Barrios Formation of gangs o Assimilation Resistance Chicano political movement o 1960s o Movement that fought for political representation and less discrimination against Mexicans Assimilation Bilingualism Move settle throughout Midwest South and Northeast US Higher education Slowly but surely climbing in social status Cubans o Push factors Cuban Revolution o Stereotypes Positive Culture Anti Communist Model Latino Group Affluence Political conservative Catholic Santeria Afro Cuban religion Family Food Negative Drug cartels o Discrimination Violent Brown Race Separateness Elites excluded from white social clubs and groups Jobs Unskilled from 16 to 32 48 professionals dropped to 13 Language o Acculturation Names accents viewed as Mexicans Enclave Little Havana Miami Keep language culture and traditions Community solidarity Came over poor from bootstrap and live in segregated neighborhoods results in Family and kinship networks Puerto Ricans o Push Factors US annexation o Stereotypes o Discrimination Take on stereotypes of Mexicans Crime Gangs Drugs o Assimilation Teen pregnancy 65 high school graduation rate Early education English Ideals of American democracy Migration NE cities to South FL Double identity New Africans o Push Factors Economic opportunities Higher education Refugee the slave trade o Highest population from Nigeria Somalia Egypt Ghana Jamaicans o Learn English quickly o Employment percent is higher than national average o Largest group of Afro Caribbean o Owned by British until 1962 o These are the only people of African descent living in the US that were NOT a part of o Speak English o Largest settlements NYC South Florida o Culture Reggae Cuisine Haitians o Learn English quickly o Employment percent is higher than national average o Owned by France o Speak French o Haitian Revolution 1794 o Duvalier dictatorship Late 1970s 1980s o Largest settlements Little Haiti Miami South Florida o Culture Voodoo Asians Far East o Asian and Asian Americans o Because Chinese are largest and first they set the stereotypes o Population Filipino 3 7 million Korean 1 7 million Vietnamese 1 7 million Japanese 1 3 million Asian total 17 3 million or 5 6 of US population o Demographics Major population centers CA NY DC TX Religious diversity 50 have a 4 year college Income higher the than the national average Fastest growing population group Indians o Come from India NOT Native Americans Official census term is Asian Indian Not Middle Eastern 3 2 million Settle in major cities NYC LA DC o Highly educated 70 have a Bachelor s degree 40 have a MA PhD or professionals degree o Brain Drain o Highest income of all other Asian groups o Religion Hinduism is the majority but also Christians Buddhists and Islamic Islam religion is where confusion occurs o Culture Food Bollywood Arabs Middle East o NOT Muslims o Religion Confused as Middle Easterners Only 25 of Arab Americans practice Islam 50 practice Christianity o Migrate to the US Education Religious Freedom Refugees o Majority come from Lebanon largest Syria Iran Persians Palestine Iraq o 1 7 million o Metro areas Detroit NYC LA DC o Higher education and income 45 have Bachelor s degree Higher income than national average o Stereotypes After 9 11 this group faces the most discrimination Racial profiling Gender Equality Islamic Religion Women thought to be inferior Immigration Laws Naturalization o Immigration Restriction Act of 1921 Bolshevik Revolution Maximum of 357 000 people per year o Immigration Act of 1924 The National Origins Quotas Only 2 of that nations population already living in the US can come per year Based on 1890 census Overall cap of 150 000 per year o From 1921 1965 the National Origins Quota was policy Remember Chinese still excluded Mexicans did not count with exceptions of 1930s because of Zig Zag theory Groups not herein 1890 will NOT get in o Exemptions from 1924 1965 Professionals College students Ministers Wealthy businessmen Refugees Chinese Jews Cuban o Immigration and Naturalization Act of 1965 Hart Cellar Act Ended the 1924 National Origins Quotas 2 of the country of origins current population is allowed per year 170 000 overall cap per year o Preference is given to immigrants skill and familial relationships to US citizens o Allowed new immigrants to come from Latin America Caribbean Africa Asia India Middle East o Third Wave of immigration 1965 Today After 9 11 the INS changes to US citizenship and Immigration Services USCIS Under US department of Homeland Security USCIS handles all forms and processing of materials related to immigration and naturalization o Common Examples Student Visa Temporary resident Green card Permanent resident Spouse VISA F 1 I 485 K 3 I 140 Petition for an alien relative o Naturalization Process of becoming a citizen Application is N 400 Eligibility to apply for citizenship Resident for 5 years Hold a green card for 5 years Be of good moral character Pass the language and citizenship exam Long and frustrating Diverse Expensive about 1200 Approximately 680 000 naturalizations per year Key Terms these will help with the multiple choice but are not the only thing you should be studying Hispanic o Roman name for Spain o US Government terms those of Spanish Heritage o Mexican Puerto Rican Cuban Dominican and central or south American o Preferred term o Spanish heritage African and Native American ancestry Latino Mestizos o The middle of the Latino Racial Hierarchy o Term for mixed people Those who have Spanish blood combined with African and or Native blood History of Mexican
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