Race and Ethnicity in the U S 9 12 2011 Transatlantic Trade Sophisticated economic system The beginning of international capitalism European goods monies to Africa for slaves Refined goods metals salted meats rum paper etc Traded for raw goods cotton silk sugar indigo etc Colonies send raw goods to be processed Routes run from the 1650s 1850s 1 Raw goods from north south America go to Africa and Europe Ships take slaves to North America 2 2 Manufactured goods from Europe go to Africa and the America 3 Slaves and other manufactured goods from Europe will leave from Africa and go to Americas and back to Europe 4 Very SLOW trade Middle Passage Forced Migration A piece of the transatlantic trade Refers to the experiences of slaves onboard ship and the slave experience Particularly brutal o 15 mortality rate 2 million people o Zong 1781 Between 1650 and 1860 approximately 10 to 15 million enslaved people were transported from Africa to the Americas o 5 million to Brazil o 4 5 million to the West Indies o 5 million to the Americas More to Brazil and the West Indies because sugar cane is growing there Two Slave Systems African based slave systems European based slave systems How are they different 1 Africa and the slavery system based there is not racially or ethnically 2 African slaves before entering the European based slave systems had determined opportunities to earn freedom 3 In the African based slave system just because your parents are slaves does not mean that you will be a slave Slave status is not inherited Later a legally defined term Slave ships pregnancy blood menstruation urine feces You are sitting in between the legs of the person behind you All of the people are also naked Diseases scurvy Zong o Slave ship in 1781 sailing from Africa to Jamaica o Captain Luke Collingwood o His options are to either throw slaves overboard covered by ships insurance or he can sell sickly slaves If slaves die in the hands of the purchaser the captains company looses out o 120 150 slaves tossed overboard o The insurance company has to pay but is not please They appeal to the court that the slaves are handled poorly and that is why they died Court wins o Slave traders take on more slaves than they can hold because they anticipate many deaths Slave resistance Suicide o Starvation o Jumped overboard Captains scared slaves from jumping overboard by dangling a person in the water and letting them get eaten by a shark Rebellion o Amistad 1839 1841 From Havana Cuba to a secondary port Led by Cinque They kill a cook then captain then all sailors but too Sailors tell slaves they will be taken Home but really they go to Slaves use court systems for their freedom U S Declares that slaves were kidnapped and justified their killings of the people on the ship Abolitionists actually raise money to send the Africans back to Connecticut their home Labor in the British Colonies Slaves first arrive in 1619 in Jamestown o Indentured servants they come to America at the cost of someone else They work to be free o Half of the white colonists originally came over as indentured o White lion and Sao jaulo baptisto the two ships that brought slaves servants over They first arrive in jamestwon because they need food and supplies so they trade Angolian people Intendured servitude Africans and Europeans John Casor and Anthony Jonhson 1654 both African Americans o Johnson former indentured servant o Casor brought over as an indentured servant from Johnson o Johnson claims that he bought Casor for life In 1654 This is an example of a court case where a black man owns another black man Review Transatlantic Trade sophisticated international trade route Middle Passage refers to the experiences of Africans onboard slave ships Labor indentured servants were first both European and African however over time slavery became a purely African phenomenon and served for life
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