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o Plantation system English protestants confiscated land for livestock or export o Penal laws denied landowning and voting rights to Catholics o Potato blight of the 1840s Exam 2 Study Guide For all Four Groups You will Need to Know Push Factors Why they left their home country Irish production Chinese o Taiping rebellion Gorta Mor Famine starvation Poverty Chinese civil war Qing v Han dynasty 1850 1864 20 million died o Natural disasters o Famine o Female infanticide o Economic Imperialism o Opium Wars Italians o Italian unification Floods destroy rice paddies Joining of north and south Italy North dominate south o Economy High taxes on land Unemployment Poor land o Catholic church o Overpopulation o Natural disasters Tithe taxes that must be paid to the church Kill own daughters because they don t want them to grow up in china Mt Vesuvius 1906 Mt Etna 1908 Earthquake Tidal wave Jews o Tsar Alexander II assassinated in 1881 Rumors that assassins were Jews actually atheists Christians attacked Jewish communities o Pogroms o Tsar Alexander III Organized attacks on Jewish communities Russian orthodox church Autocrat ordained ruler by God Judaism is incompatible o Russification Attempt to make all of Eastern Europe like Russia both politically and culturally Religion is a part of your culture Jews all over eastern Europe experienced progroms Where they settled City and name of enclaves Irish o southie Boston o Five points NYC Chinese Italians o San Francisco o china town o little italies o Northeastern cities o NYC Boston Philadelphia Jews o Lower east side o NY Chicago Baltimore LA Miami Type of Migration Chain Return Permanent etc Irish Chinese Italians o Chain Migration o Return Migration o Return Migration Jews o Permanent Who migrated Men women single families etc Irish Young adults both male and female Chinese mostly men Italians family Jews family Labor What kind of jobs Irish unskilled workers worked in docks Chinese unskilled workers railroads Italians Unskilled workers Life in the Enclave Irish o Tenement houses o Pub culture Socialization o Bare knuckle boxing o Urban lifestyle Brothels Chinese Jews Began as unskilled but came to white collar jobs in 3rd generation More than one person to a room rent for a day week month Hearty filling drink before and after work o Tongs Gang or Chinese Mafia Began as protective group against whites Became corrupt o Opium dens Prostitution o Six companies Six Chinese run family businesses End prostitution Clean up corruption Emphasize morality Italians o The family o Weddings o Political clubs o Festivals o Mutual Aid society funerals etc Stereotypes Jews Irish o Catholic Blood drinkers Baby killers Vampires o Race Ape like o Inferior Immoral Lazy Uneducated o Drunk Chinese o Race physical Yellow peril Skin pigment Short Members made monthly payments to assist others with housing day care Brainwashed by pope Transubstantiation practice of communion in the belief of ingesting the body and blood of Christ Nativists claim that Irish were the missing link between the human race and the gorilla Black Irish Equal to African Americans Bridget name for all Irish women self sufficient and street smart Paddy derogatory term for an Irish man derived from Patrick English Americans used Pub culture to legitimatize the notion that ALL Irish were alcoholics No facial air Queue ponytail Feminine Buck teeth Slanted eyes Culture Religion Buddhism Food Language mandarin Appearance pajama like dress Italians o Catholic o Drunk o Race Loud Dark skin Dark hair Dangerous Disloyal Inferior o Mafia myth o Vendetta Seen as lawless thugs looking for a fight Criminality is a part of the Italian race When an act of violence is taken personally by the whole family Jews o Race Darker skin Facial features Big nose dark hair o Culture unassimilatable devil Hats are covering their horns Discrimination they faced Italians o NINA Chinese No Irish Need Apply o Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 No one can come in people already there can t become citizens Geary Act 1892 Renews exclusion for 10 more years Italians o Wages Paid less o Dangerous conditions Sweat shops Maimed killed in accidents Tuberculosis infection of the lungs o 1921 Immigration and Nationality Act In 1880 take 2 of the total number of Italians and that s how many can come per year Jews Stereotyping prejudice or discrimination against Jewish people o Anti Semitism o Killers of Christ o Intelligence o Smite o Cheap Rumor created by Christians Romans killed Jesus and crucified thousands of Jews Christians blame major world disasters on Jews Too intelligent crafty and sneaky Jewish merchants devious Frugal and saved hard earned money Christians saw as stingy Assimilation in what ways they became accepted and or upward mobility Irish o English Americans change their views During 1880s 1920s New Immigrants Irish became old immigrants Lighter skinned Catholic is better than Judaism o Irish Americans adapt Cultural assimilation Language Exception is that Irish remained catholic Mostly remained unskilled some became skilled catholic schools provide education John F Kennedy first catholic president Chinese o Education o Socio Economics 52 have a college degree 13 of Ivy League students Highest scores on standardized tests White collar jobs Higher income than white Americans Upper middle class o Some types of Italian culture are accepted Food WASPs see little Italy as entertainment o Service and Education Italians WWII G I Bill Can go to college Transition to skilled labor Jews o Reformed Judaism o Embraced opportunities Jobs Citizenship Education o Blue to white collar in 3 generations Work ethic College educated Family enclave support o Political Activists Major support during civil rights movements in 1960s Students for a democratic society The Second Generation Conflict Chinese o 1st generation vs 2nd generation 1st generation Italian Americans fight for US seen as brave and good soldiers Obedience to ancestors Take care of elders Patriarchal society lack of rights for women Expected to intra marry 2nd generation Speak English Go to college Marry outside the race Move outside of the Chinatown Italians o Speak English o Intermarriage Major source of conflict o Catholic church attendance declines What they are known for today i e Irish Americans Today Irish Chinese Italians Jews o 30 5 million o Completely assimilated o 3 8 million o Upper middle class o 15 7 million o Keep ethnic traditions o Live in neighborhoods o 6


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FSU AMH 2097 - Exam 2

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