Key Terms Lecture 1 Nationality where a person retains citizenship Race assumption of innate differences based on the real or imagined physical characteristics Ethnicity comes from ethos meaning nation the shared categorization of people based on factors like shared cultural values nationality language religion and gender roles racial hierarchies racialization process by which you are placed on the racial hierarchy Thomas Jefferson wrote Notes on the State of Virginia which says that science has proven that Africans can only be slaves and Indians could be pushed off their land whites were superior Ideological Racism method by which racialization is carried out belief that ones race is better than everyone else Scienti c Racism experiments played for by a leader who wants to prove one race is better than another Holocaust Johann Blumenbach 1795 decided to put down the hierarchy of the races into a book trying to nd perfect race that northern Europeans could be compared to Samuel Morton considered himself to be a scientist wrote to people to send him skulls lled them with sand which ever held the most sand it meant it could hold a bigger brain Concluded that white skulls were bigger than any other on earth therefore superior Josiah Nott wrote The Types of Mankind said that interracial relationships would led to beastiality and abnormalities in children Individual Racism when one person or small group commits racism on another individual or small group Ideological Racism an ideology that considers a groups unchangeable physical characteristic to be linked in a direct casual way to psychological or intellectual characteristic and that on this basis distinguishes between superior and inferior groups Institutional Racism the policy of a government to discriminate against a certain group Dominate group vs Subordinate group Dominate sets the laws and determines the ideology within a country Wasp s were the dominate group in the US White Europeans White Anglo Saxon Protestants Subordinate groups can either assimilate become like dominate group happens quickly or acculturate stays true to culture but adopt some traits of dominate group happens over time 4 Types of Migration Voluntary moves to another country by own free will Ex Southern Italians to America Forced forced to move against their will Ex Slavery Economic Labor Displaced Persons someone who has to migrate because a political gure comes into of ce that threatens their life or a natural disaster Ex Seria war Cuba political Push Factor Pull factor Philosophies of Race and Ethnicity Anglo Conformity Give up everything Melting Pot Ideal Give up something about themselves to form a new people Cultural Pluralism Everyone gives us something about themselves but retains some Ex American Indians Three Waves of Immigration in American History Formative Wave 1607 1820 First Wave Immigration 1820 1880 Second Wave of Immigration 1880 1920 The First Americans Beringia land bridge Hunters and gatherers Clovis Hunters early hunters and gathers Clovis Mexico Agricultural Revolution starts in central Mexico around 3000BC doesn t come to US until 200 AD they can now stay in villages and stay in one place and feed their populations changes the way early Americans live Anasazi rst tribe to use agriculture Utah Colorado Arizona New Mexico four corners region of the US lived in cliffs crops were in valleys they used irrigation channels grew enough crops to support 1000s of people corn squash and beans 1250AD drought hits and Anasazi break into smaller villages Cahokians where east St Louis is today on Mississippi river 1350AD population 40 000 people Grew enough crops along Mississippi to feed population believed in Sun God so they began to build pyramids out of dirt to be closer to the sun believed in ceremonial burial making mounds over the bodies kill your best friends so you would have friends in the after life drought hits in 1400AD and Cahokia breaks up Iroquois and Algonquian different tribes that share same language and cultural values hated each other when one would die in one tribe they would kidnap from the other rst native Americans to possess rearms and horses most important innovation in the lives of American Indians in the 1700 1800s when they obtain the horse they reverse the agricultural revolution native Americans began feeding on buffalo they become hunters and gatherers again wealth was based on how many horses you own became a system of currency and a status symbol Comancag very effective with the horse raided American ranches First real con ict between Indians and Americans was during the American revolution the British used Indians to ght against colonists Thomas Jefferson and other presidents accepted that each Indian tribes were separate Nations within the US First gold rush in Georgia found on the land of the Cherokee Indians Americans were trespassing on indian land the Great Intrusion Andrew Jackson said native Americans needed to be removed hated British because of revolution and Indians because they killed some of his family members Andrew Jackson 1830 passed the Indian Removal Act Indians went to the Supreme Court and was ruled that Jackson protect that Indians he ignored the ruling which led to the Trail of Tears David Crocket the only congressman to stand up for the Indians in the Indian Removal Act Seminoles when the army moved in to remove them they went to war Conquest through Kindness U S Grant Indians will be moved to reservations they will go to school and will be able to enter into American society WASP white English colonists Aglo Saxon 2 main tribes that invade England from Germany kings ruled England till 1066 All whites I m US were classi ed under this term but it was not accurate 1538 Henry the 8th founded the Church of England why England became Protestant Other colonies don t last because they based their colonies on one economic product French Dutch Spanish Three great migrations 1st 1629 1640 destination was New England advantage cold which limited the spread of Mosquitos which spread malaria and yellow fever Disadvantage cold because of a short growing season so they couldn t make money from cash crops forced people of New England to take up ship building and shing and other professions People of the 1st migration Puritans also did not like the Church of England they wanted to stay in the church and change it came in family groups and were middle class in England they had a high literacy level set
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