August 29 2012 Race category of human beings based upon distinctive physical characteristics such as skin color hair type facial features Immanuel Kant German 1770s 1st to use term race in the modern sense of biological differences Racial Hierarchy characteristics o Classification or stratification of certain groups based on physical o Group who makes the hierarchy is on the top o The more different you are from the top group the lower you rank History of race o Johann Blumenbach German o 1795 o 1st to use word Caucasian o 1st to develop racial hierarchy Racialization o Dominant white groups label certain groups as subordinate because of physical characteristics and assigns a system of inferiority Dominant majority with greatest power Subordinate singled out and treated unequally Ideological Racism o The elites of the dominant white group constructed other groups as being inferior in order to segregate and oppress In the US white at top black on bottom New groups Irish Mexicans Chinese etc whites determine where they fit into hierarchy Ethnicity o A group distinguished primarily on the basis of cultural characteristics Language Food Clothes Religion History Culture Shared values understandings symbols and practices of a group of people August 31 2012 Nationality Country of which you hold citizenship Prejudice hasty judgment false generalization belongs to a particular group Stereotype overgeneralization associated with a racial or ethnic category that goes beyond existing evidence Individual racism racially hostile acts of an individual directed at members of another group Institutional racism institutionalized practices that negatively affect members of a subordinate racial group Discrimination actions carried out by members of a dominant group that have a harmful effect on members of the subordinate group Does not resist accepts place as a subordinate group it is what it is Conform oneself absorb or take on the mainstream culture black person Keep ones own culture mainly in home but also adapts to new culture when necessary for job school survival etc September 5 2012 Accommodate Assimilation acting white sell out Acculturation Immigration basics 1 Types 1 Voluntary 2 Involuntary life at home so bad need to come to make ends meet stay safe better yourself and family Irish Chinese Mexicans Jews etc leave by yourself 3 Forced Africans 4 Refugee Cubes Jews in WWII helped by US government 2 Waves Formative 1607 1820 o English Africans small amount of Germans and such First 1820 1880 o Irish most Germans Chinese Second 1880 1920 o Most immigrants come o Italians Polish Slovaks Greeks Hungarians Jews Mexicans Third 1965 present o Caribbean s Japs Chinks Middle East Indians 3 Four factors of success 1 Money need to have it 2 Location settle away from the WASPS 3 Numbers the smaller the better 4 Stereotypes must be positively viewed or similar to WASPS September 7 2012 English Americans Oldest group in US besides Indians as far back as 15 generations 1st group to come to states WASPS white Anglo Saxon protestant o Voluntary migrants o Came as early as 1607 but majority came during 1700s formative wave o Drove Indians off of their land o 4 main settlements 1 Virginia Chesapeake o Settled by VA co o Investors sailors workers etc o Joint stock co o 1st came in 1607 1st slaves by 1619 o Economic goals Raw materials Overseas trading post market Wealthy single men Indentured servants slave but got land houses etc after specific amount of time 2 Massachusetts New England o Came for religion o Mass Bay co not joint stock co o Come in 1620 o Puritans don t agree with Anglican church o Small towns communities family structure 3 Pennsylvania o Quakers o Pacifists o William Penn was the founder o Religious toleration welcome all religions that believe in Jesus o Come in 1675 o Society based on work ethic 4 Backcountry o Scottish aka Scotch Irish o Last group of WASPS to come o Came in 1700s o Settles in the Appalachian Mountain region o Unique culture o Drunks started shootouts duels September 10 2012 The hierarchy begins WASPS dominants WASPS instituted their own structure over society which is still present Indians and Africans subordinates today 1 language English 2 religion majority are a denomination of Protestantism o Protestant work ethic it is one s duty to work hard to please god 3 education help kids learn English o Puts people on same page o Private schools for WASPS o Public school est by WASPS for immigrants to learn Anglo Saxon 4 government federal government power shared by executive and protestant values legislator o Judicial system foundation is English common law 5 economic capitalism free market economy o Industrialism English Americans 19th century Westward expansion Nativism immigrants who are seen as a threat Civil war Industrialization the protection of native born inhabitants of a country from new English Americans today Inter marriage Either inter racial or inter religious 8 7 of population claimed English ancestry o Annual salary and college education higher than national average o Racial and ethnic superiority over power and resources September 12 2012 Slavery in both Europe and Africa European powers in new world West Africans were winners Transatlantic slave trade started Slavery as a radically based economic system labor force Indians No wiped out by disease ex Small pox Indentured servants Didn t stick out from normal people Blacks to Americas slaves Americas to Europe raw materials Europe to Africa weapons alcohol finished goods Ghana Mali Songhay Empires o Trans Saharan trade o Powerful empires Igbo rich ethnic traditions spiritual Very to themselves Religion Christian Islamic reverence to ancestors Forced migration 5 major steps to transatlantic slave trade largest migration to date 12 5 million others o 1 March to the coast try to protect slaves and themselves from Build forts on coast of W Africa and move to interior to Krumen capture blacks others Normally from an enemy tribe Africans who aided in capture and transport of Conditions Shackled individually then to the whole chain Many try to resist bite spit fight 25 casualty rate from capture to coast Anywhere from 2 weeks to 2 months o 2 Slave fort Wait for ships here can take up to 1 month 2 types of holding pens Barracoon o Conditions outside extreme heats cold nights dehydration and food distribution walk around edges with spoon if in middle get no food Defecating on yourself Dungeon o Conditions no air or
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