Intro to Terms and Concepts Nationality Where a person retains citizenship Race tics How people look Ethnicity Assumption of innate differences based on real or imagined physical characteris Shared categorization of people based on factors such as cultural values national ity language religion and gender roles Comes from the latin word Ethos and was first used to differentiate between the Changed to present day definition by US Immigration when europeans first came Christians and hedonistic religions to the US Americans have all different ethnicities something you choose Racial Hierarchy Racialization The ranking of races according to the dominant group Idealogical Racism Ideology that considers a group s unchangeable physical characteristics to be linked in a direct casual way to psychological or intellectual characteristics and that on this basis distinguishes between superior and inferior groups Johann Blumenbach 1795 German scholar who tried to create a hierarchy amongst races The original Hitler Believed the Caucus region of Russia had the best people Where the term Caucasian comes from Individual Racism Act of discrimination by an individual on another Josiah Nott Samuel Morton 1800s Morton Philadelphia Scientist who collected skulls from all over the world and calcu lated the volume of different skulls by filling them with dirt Concluded Caucasians have the biggest skulls which he thought meant they were smarter therefore better Southerners believed that because Africans had smaller brains they could not think for themselves and needed to be enslaved Nott Mobile AL Took Morton s theory one step farther by saying because Caucasians skulls were larger all other races were not human therefore making slavery a ne cessity Banned intermarriage between whites and blacks calling it bestiality and would cause the downfall of the human race Act of discrimination committed by a country state using laws or customs to dis Led to Scientific Racism This is what the Nazis believed Institutional Racism criminate upon a group Ex Holocaust Jim Crow Laws etc Immigration History of the US pilgrims and slaves Immigration can be by choice or force Susan Phipps Sued Louisiana in the 1980s about their definition of race She is a white person but was considered black because she had African Ameri She lost the suit to have her identification changed Famous for writing the Declaration of Independence as well as the Notes on the The notes said Africans were likely lesser people but he said that it had to be can blood Thomas Jefferson State of Virginia proven by science This led to the theory that Science could justify slavery Waves of Immigration Formative Wave 1607 1820 1 This was when the WASPS and slaves came 2 First Wave 1820 1880 When Americans start to pay attention to immigration laws Germans came Tidy and bring beer WASPS loved them Irish and Chinese came WASPS did not like them because they weren t Protestant Second Wave of Immigration 1880 1920 a Italians came i WASPS didn t like because they were catholic and spoke Italian b Jews came along with other southern Europeans 3 4 Third Wave present a Mexicans Cubans etc Why did they come Types of immigration 1 Voluntary 2 Forced slavery 3 Economic Labor No jobs in their homeland 4 Displaced Persons Forced out by a war or dictator EX Cubans with Castro and the Afghans and Taliban Ireland was very overpopulated and could not grow enough food to feed every Laws telling the Irish what they can and cannot do English put them in place to prosecute Irish Catholics in hopes they would Push Factors Irish one English controlled everything Penal Laws convert to Protestantism Irish began to hate English Chinese Crop failure famine Tsunamis Clan conflict Clans were made up of families that were united and would fight for favoritism from Emperor Rebellion European Influence Jews The Europeans tried to make them conform to their ways of life Russification Russians hated Jews and would put quotas on how many Jews could go to college and put boundaries on how far they could move and prohibit them from conducting business on Sundays Italians Starvation and disease Cholera and Malaria Unification Poor Government Natural Disaster Pull Factors The English WASPS Who are the English They are From England So English WASPS America was seen as a place as you ll never go hungry you can always find work and live the lifestyle and speak the language you are accustomed to White Anglo Saxon falling Protestant Two separate Germanic tribes whom invaded Britain as the Roman Empire was Ruled there from 400 AD 1000 AD and lose control in 1066 AD Most English people claim heritage from them Comes from the word Protest because they were protesting against the Catholic church Anyone who split away from the Catholic church During the rule of Henry VIII Henry VIII left the catholic church so he could divorce his wife because he was convinced she couldn t give him a son John Jay 1790s WASP Said America was a country of English Not true it was already a nation of many people languages and cultures The English won out colonization from all other nations who came to the Ameri cas because they came as settlers wanting new homes Others just wanted to make money and go back to their homeland Only exception was in Virginia where they wanted to find gold and get rich The Three Great Migrations Within the English Migration First Migration 1629 1640 John Winthrop Led the first wave of Immigrants to Massachusetts and founded the colony Served as governor there for the first 12 of their 20 years He wanted the colony to be a Puritan version of City on a Hill Puritans and Pilgrims came to Massachusetts They came because they believed Henry VIII s new church was still too Catholic Pilgrims believed the church was beyond help too corrupted Puritans thought the church could be salvaged and change from within Why they left England In 1640 there was an English civil war Not all of them went to America at first but later returned there because it was the only place they could raise their children without the influence of other cultures Puritans founded Boston Pilgrims founded Plymouth Bay Problems with Massachusetts Too cold lots of snow Rocky ground not good for agriculture and made a short growing season As the ships left Massachusetts they often became part of the slave trade be cause after they left they went to Africa then back to the south Benefits of Massachusetts Not as many mosquitos because the
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