January 9 2012 Ethnocentrism the tendency to look at the world primarily from the perspective of one s own culture The belief that your own culture is best Individuals judge other groups language customs and religion Race is social construction The concept of race varies by location and time period Ideological racism scientific racism was developed as a way to justify discrimination Ethnocentrism Key Things Native Americans Before Human Contact 1492 about 15 million people were in North America Cahokia 1000 A D large city of 20 000 Medieval Optimum 900 1350 A D warming trend farming The Three Sisters squash maize beans Displacement 1350 Little Ice Age began Larger tribes dispersed into smaller villages 1700 250 000 Europeans were in America 1750 1 25 million Europeans and slaves 1776 over 2 million Europeans and slaves 1820 US controlled everything west of the Mississippi Effects of Interactions with Europeans Ecological Diseases 1 European style of farming depleted soil and required more land to be cleared 2 European livestock destructive pigs 1 The strongest were the hardest hit 15 40 years old 2 Remnants of tribes migrated and joined other tribes 3 Captive taking a method of increasing the tribe s numbers Imperial Wars and the Long Peace 1720 1750 The Long Peace British Empire of Goods Native Americans came to rely on trade but adapted European goods to their culture Relations in Early America Mid 1700s conflicts became racialized English Americans wanted Indian lands Paternalistic Federal Government Citizens ignored the treaties the government didn t enforce them Secretary of War Henry Knox wanted to turn Indians into farmers justification for taking lands Allowed for Pan Indian movement Tenskwatawa Tecumseh joined with the British Shawnee profit Tenskwatawa whom was guided to give up all goods from the Europeans and to have only one wife Religious Resistance Civilizing the Cherokees 1791 Treaty of Holston US Government attempted to turn Cherokee men into farmers and ranchers Cherokee gender roles women did the farming and the men hunted and fished Cherokee men didn t want to farm it was considered women s work US Government Paternalism and justification for taking land Cherokee men eventually gave in Gender and Farming Adapting Cherokee men let their livestock roam and then they hunted them Land became a substitute for hunting and war INDIAN REMOVAL ACT 1830 FORCED NATIVE AMERICANS TO LAN WEST OF THE MISSISSIPPI Need to know for test 1 Trail of Tears 1830 The following tribes were forced to walk to Oklahoma Cherokees Creeks Choctaw Chickasaw Seminoles Between 1790 and the Civil War over 300 treaties were made but most of them weren t honored About 250 000 Native Americans were left by 1890
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