AMH 2097 Study Guide Race social construct Ethnicity culture element Native Americans o Pleistocene Era Period of frequent glaciations from 5 million years ago o What causes these mega fauna to go extinct Climate changes Humans new technology lack of fear built to run Disease Asteroid o Hunter Gatherers 4000 5000 years ago Agricultural Revolution o What effects does agriculture have People stay in one place Population growth Social stratification Larger trade network o Evolution of cultural groups Hunter gatherers to agricultural group More socially stratified Larger trade networks Poverty point o Settlement without agricultural Adena Hopewell Culture 1000 BC to 400 AD o Serpent Mound Rely on agriculture o Mississippian Culture Main diet corn beans squash o Hohokam Anasazi culture Southwestern United States Iriquois Tribes 400BC to 1550AD some persistence today Mohawk Oneida Onondaga Cayoga Seneca o Iroquois Nations Populations from 1600 1768 20 000 12 000 Matrilineal Families join mother s family Agricultural Corn Beans Squash Torture and ritual cannibalism o Iroquois Political structure Representative Democracy Grand Council Elder Brothers Mohawk Seneca Younger Brothers Oneida Cayoga Firekeepers Onondaga Native Americans Continued o Diverse o Mobile o Adaptable o Decentralized Iroquois o Large Population VS How Europeans see Native Americans VS How we see Native Americans today Colombian Exchange o Exchanges when Europe Asia and Africa come in contact with North and South America o Old world plants and animals Rice wheat barley oats rye citrus orange banana sugar coffee black pepper peach pear turnip onion cabbage lettuce Horses chicken rats donkey pig cattle goat sheep o New world plants and animals Corn potato sweet potato squash cassava peanut cashew tomato pineapple papaya avocado chocolate rubber tobacco bell pepper chili pepper Llama o Old world diseases Tuberculosis small pox malaria influenza yellow fever measles cholera typhoid bubonic plague o New world diseases Syphilis Andrew Jackson o General in Indian War posts 1812 o 1829 1837 President o Fights in revolution at 14 years old o Entire family dies in revolution except his mother o War hero in war of 1812 o General in Indian wars who leads the wars o 1st president from west Tennessee o Hates native americans o 1814 1829 there are 11 treaties taking land from Indians o Invades Spanish florida o Starts seminal war of 1818 As result US acquired Spanish Florida o Removal to reservation in west Oklahoma o Sets Indian policy for next 50 years o Trail of tears leads to the movement of indians to west o East of Mississippi river move to Oklahoma o Northerners and Christian missionaries opposed this act Indian Removal Act of 1830 Post Civil War o Expansion o Indian wars 1860 1890 o New policies Missionaries were accepted by Cherokees but their religion is denied Dawes Act of 1887 o Allot reservation land to individuals sell the rest to white settlers o Eliminate communal notions of land ownership and install private property o Eliminations curtailments of reservations o Assimilation Americanization o Schools o Generation of educated assimilation activists Later developments o 1906 Burke Act accelerated land grants to whites o Opposition ghost dance and the Sioux Europeans in the new world all English colonies o 1492 columbus o 1586 Roanoke o 1607 Jamestown o 1620 Plymouth Pre colonization contacts o Trade o Fishing coast of new foundland Euro attitudes towards the New World Native Americans o Military bases o Religious missions o Virgin Land vs Widowed Land o Colonization vs Invasion o Europeans invaded the land Vast differences between the way Europeans and Native Americans see things o Private property Native Americans do not own land o Religion perceptions of nature o Politics Native Americans have decentralized government o Mutual misunderstandings o War Native Americans war is limited European war is massive and destroy and completely take land Conflict o Everyday conflict America was expanding west o War Pequot War Mass Accuses a Pequot for murdering a settler Puritans killed people who weren t puritan War ends with treaty that dissolves Pequot nation and puritans take their land King Phillips War European name for tribal leader Accused of murder again Mass Drafted ment to turn away Native Americans Native Americans o Most fight with the british o Proclamation of 1763 King tells colonies that settlers cannot settle west of the line to limit Native Americans and colonists warfare o After revolution british will kill off Native Americans Post American revolution o US expansion o Conflict with Native Americans o Washington Jefferson push for assimilation Post War 1812 o Expansion o Conflict o Great migration Dawes Act of 1887 o Assimilation Through destruction of reservations Creation of private property Education religion Later developments o 1906 Burke Act accelerated land grants to whites o Opposition ghost dance and the Sioux World War I o Service o Snyder Act 1924 Extend citizenship to all Native Americans Great Depression New Deal o 1928 federal report pre Depression o CCC civilian conservation corporation o FERA CWA Federal Emergency Relief Act Civil Works Administration Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 o Reversed the Dawes Act o Indian New Deal o Some opposition to policies World War II o Code talkers o Significance of codes in WWII Post WWII o Eisenhower s termination and relocation programs o 1960s New era of Indian activisim Influenced by New Left Civil Rights Movement Red Power Actions o 1970s 1980s Legislation Suits SCOTUS rulings Indian gaming reservation act Slave Trade s impact on Africa o Political o Cultural o Demographic Slave Trade s impact on Europe o Financial o Economic Enslavement o African mainland to coast o Middle Passage o Sail o Dehumanizing o Commodification of human life o Logic of capitalism Slaves o Slave trade o Slavery in colonial US o Slavery in American Revolution o Slavery in post American revolution New England Middle colonies Upper south Lower south o Numbers increase 1774 1860 o Nature of slave ownership o Slave jobs House Field Colonial South Carolina Black Majority All jobs o Living conditions o Brutality Paternalism Slave control o Slave codes laws that regulated behavior of slaves o Slave patrols gangs of low class white men that patrol o Other forms of control Family Religion Pauline scriptures specific bible passages Paternalism o Slave resistance Everyday resistance Slave
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