Cuban Immigration Overview mostly 3rd wave immigration 1920 present 1960s largest immigration spanish colony for over 400 years late 19th century spain s colonial power was weak the only ones left was cuba puerto rico and guam 1890s U S Involvement 1890s U S was struggling with questions about becoming an imperial power An extension of Manifest Destiny global trade opportunities strategic military bases U S politicians had wanted Cuba since the early 1800s only 90 miles away naval base compete with other colonial powers Location factory 1831 Key West first settlement about 50 cubans came to work in a Cigar New York Philadelphia Boston Post 1885 Ybor City cigar factories sort of ethnic enclave in tampa Cubans organized Florida s first labor union Cuban Revolt of 1895 Ten Year s War 1868 1878 Cubans wanted independence from Spain cuban immigrants supported the independence movement Jose Marti started the Cuban Revolutionary Party in the U S Poet Philosopher and revolutionary leader planned the Cuban War of 1895 died in a battle the first battle became a national hero in Cuba Factors Leading to War Yellow journalism publication of the Enrique Dupuy de Lome letter feb 9 1898 Spanish delegate basically trashed the U S president at the time President William McKinley used sensationalism to gain awareness for the cuban revolt U S S Maine exploded feb 15 1898 William Hertz from the herald and Pulitzer from the world newspaper Spanish American War April 25 1898 U S declared war on Spain Spanish military appeared strong but was not Spanish Empire had financial problems Treaty of Paris Dec 1898 Spain ceded Puerto Rico Guam and the Philippines to the U S Cuba was to be independent but became a U S protectorate this war made the U S a world power Cuba as U S Protectorate 1902 1959 The Platt Amendment 1903 gave the U S the right to intervene militarily leased Guantanamo Bay to the U S gave up some political control But U S also gained economic and political control Treaty of Relations 1934 Cuban Revolution Series of repressive dictators 1950s Fulgencio Batista 1959s Cuban Revolution Fidel Castro wanted to get rid of American economic involvement Marxist single party socialist state communist party of Cuba formed in 1965 Leader of Cuba from 1959 2008 Political Refugees 1959 wealthy elites who had done well under Batista 1961 upper and middle class teachers doctors professionals light complexions Miami Cuban Refugee Emergency Center Cuban Refugee Program Part of U S opposition to communism 1965 1973 working class relatives in the U S helped with settlement 1950 about 30 000 Cubans in the U S 1959 1962 150 000 Cubans immigrated 1965 1973 250 000 Cubans immigrated since 1960s about 50 of Cuban Americans concentrated in Miami Numbers Stereotypes overly emotional and irrational Since 1980s Criminals drug trafficking Since 1960s anti Castro radicals Rich successful wealth and poverty are sort of relative terms media has a part in the stereotype were criminals The Mariel Immigrants the Mariel boat lift Cuban immigration in 1980 125 000 Cubans Cuban gov sent some considered undesirable mentally ill and criminals of course not true there were very few but a majority are working class Mostly working class Summary 40 had darker skin tones stereotyped as criminals Scarface the movie had a part in stereotypes largest immigration 1960s U S wanted to be involved in Cuba trade and military base Cuban revolution 1959 Castro Communism later immigrants 1980 were stereotyped as undesirables
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