Jewish homelands the one thing they keep in common is their religion Diaspora The jews who were living in their homeland was forced to leave and they spread out around the globe They go to Africa middle east china russia etc They keep getting kicked out of the countries they move to The world was a very anti semetic place anti jewish The Jews start to develop different cultures Push Factors Economic Anti Semitism christian nations are very hostile to jews Christ killers jesus killers you have killed the son of God Blamed for all bad things ex this drought is because of the jews Banking and Finance Usery law that said Christians could not be involved in Usery Usery is pro ting due to someone else s suffering Results of anti semitism Jews never made up more than 1 of the population Results of Jewish Anti Semitism 1 2 3 4 come from spain and portugal live in catholic society king Fedinand Queen Isabella head of state religion in spain Ghettos they lived in the cities They could only work in certain places have certain jobs Not allowed to go to school higher levels of education Denied the rights of citizenship no politics voting Sephardic Jews early am formative wave The Spanish Inquisition religious persecution against anyone who isn t catholic 1478 1834 Keep Catholicism dominant religion catholic court people converting others to catholicism Auto defe act of faith Prayer memorize scripture to prove your conversion to Catholic religion Most jews do not hide their religion many die are tortured imprisioned Alhambra Peeree Edict of expulsion passed March 31 1492 If you converted get out of spain Spainards don t trust converts jews then ee from spain but no one else wants them come to new world on Columbus ships Formative Wave Immigration New Amsterdam NY 1 Money do have some money not eeing poverty eeing persecution They keep money in portable wealth upper middle upper class people They are tolerated in early America Come in small numbers 3 000 spread out no ethnic enclaves 2 stay un cities no involvement in politics Most successful immigration of jews German jews rst wave 1830 s Move to same place as other Germans come with different economic classes come in large numbers makes jewish population in US more visible 1820 15 000 jews in US 1850 30 000 jews in US 1880 2 5 million jews in US Religious freedom Pull factor Peddler traveling salesman sell things around US Universal male jewish experience German Jew good job for german jews sell goods high quality low prices open small shops with more success then catalogs macy s High premium on education so they can work for family reformed judiasm from germany allows them to t in to christian population Alternative to Orthodox Judiasm Second Wave of Immigration 1880 1920 New Immigrants new does not mean good Religion Not protestant Even christians are weird Ex greeks Language do not speak english Unskilled laborers come over because of Industrial Revolution Region come from wrong places Eastern and Southern Europe wanted Western Europe perceived as people who cannot will not assimilate Eastern European Jews Ashkenazic Jews second wave Eastern europeans central europe Russia they disrupt american life very visible to US They pull the other jews in american down the hierarchy Russi cation State sponsored population elimination Not by murdering but by changing their identities russian empire wants to take over getting people to call themselves Russian all population not just jews Military service boys have to serve in the military If you re a boy of a jewish family at the age of 8 they will be forced to serve in the military for 25 years Fighting back people would physically harm their children as a way to ght back and not have them go into the army ex one arm one foot missing ngers Marriage laws jewish girls cannot marry jewish boys as a means of converting jewish children Pogroms 1871 1917 killing all jews in Russian empire violence against jews Tsar Alexander II freed the surfs and was assassinated march 13 1881 Over 100 000 jews killed 1917 was last pogrom 2 million Ashkenazic jews settle in america in the lower east side no money Very negative stereotypes no english they speak Yiddish they are people who hold onto tradition They aren t quick to acculturate Eastern European Jews in America The jews are Orthodox very strict Torah Talmud rst 5 books of the bible talmud is also a religious book but the talmud is a book that is produced by jewish scholars It s an interpretation of the Torah These jews have to believe in both books Orthodox vs Reformed Reformed was a way to keep the jewish faith while facing people who are harsh to the jewish religion Ex Talmud tells you how you should look a reformed jew would not feel compelled to wear what the talmud says Reformed jews religious day is sunday unlike the saturday for orthodox reformed jews change the synagogs to look like churches German jews and other jews help out other jews Jobs American jews open sweat shops to employ orthodox jews low wages but families make it through the jews send their kids to public schools but for the ashkenazic jews they want their kids to be educated Tenements jews live in tenement buildings about 10 people per apartment 300 square feet The Progressive movement americans decide that cities are lthy so progresses advocate for the 5 day work week they create stuff like workers comp This is a big turning point for orthodox jews Jews get to work in factories etc Education jews had a high premium on education within 1 generation the ashkenazic jews get more money and the rst community to give out school loans Politics even though there a lot of anti semitism white male jewish men were never denied the right to vote They are a group of people who are largely against immigration restrictions Conservative Judiasm third type of Judaism that emerges in the United States It s only practiced by American jews Emerges because they are trying to build ties with other jews Happens after a couple of generations The kids of ashkenazic jews try to connect with other jews They move the holy day back to Saturday due to the progressives Conservative jews say to do whatever you want in regards to how you dress how you eat They say the synagogs should not look like churches The language in them will be in Hebrew American Jews in the 20th century they ve come a long way They have more money etc Racism jews are blamed for all bad things The Great Depression 2nd KKK puts a lot of
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