Key Terms Chinese 1 Push factors They are a land of various dialects They have different traditions and different peoples Guandong provence to taishan city 5 Push factors o 1 Crop failure Population density of 1000 people per square mile Primitive agricultural practices They didn t use steel plows they used wooden plows pulled by oxen or buffalo Chinese farmers were not getting enough yield per acre Starvation was a problem for the people in Guangdong Rivers flooded all the time and the overflow from these rivers destroyed the crops o 2 Natural disasters floods and Tsunamis Two major ones hit between 1850 1880 something on the scale of hurrican Katrina mixed with the Indonesia tsunami of recent times Incredible amount of damage Devastated many industries Further hurt an already weakened economy It disrupted trade o 3 Clan Conflict Clan conflict several families made up a clan Made up of families and united for different reasons Either political or incestral reasons or for the same emperor Supported the emperor Punti Hakka Clan War in Taishan 1855 1867 Hundreds of thousands of people died Different clans were fighting other Killed each other and civilians living in clans for power the area o 4 Rebellion leader Wanted to replace the emperor with their own Taiping Rebellion 1850 1864 Destroyed South Eastern China British help the emperor destroy the enemy because they are the main traders in China 20 million people die Clans were in rebellion against the emperor but they would ask the emperor for help o 5 British European Influence Families help together with Confucianism Some members of families convert to Christianity and cause conflict with the family They introduce European products and out do the Chinese merchants Sell them cheaper and make more money The merchants become jobless They become involved in Chinese wars Pull Factors MONEY o America is seen as a place where you are never going to go hungry or be without a job a wonderful place where anything is possible They came for mining railroads or farming o Going to America was a lot better than staying in Guandong o Golden Mountain Nickname for California Could come here and make a ton of money John Sutter was building a saw mill and a worker discovered gold Found near Sacramento Word leaked to San Francisco 1848 Gold was taken East to prove that it existed California Gold Rush 1849 Rumored that all you had to do was walk and you would find gold Became a symbol of prosperity and wealth 2 1st Migration 1820 1880 Chinese arrive because of Gold Rush and stayed to help build railroads Ends because immigration laws are passed to halt Chinese immigration 3 Location 4 Return Migration 1 Passage across the Pacific was a relatively 2 Went to California where the gold was 3 San Francisco became the main port in 1850s cheap price 1870s 4 1850s 20 000 Chinese living in California 5 Did not want to assimilate because they didn t think they would be in America for that long a Keep to themselves and lived in Chinatowns i A group of Chinese living together in mining towns One member sent to America and they are set to establish themselves and make money Would come back to China after they made money and then live there No intention of bringing the entire family to America Family Structure Would do anything to help the family survive and become more prosperous in China Patriarch Lew family Lew Git comes to America to make money Has enough for his family to buy their own farm Son Lew Chew Mei Decided one farm wasn t enough Borrowed money to buy more land while father is in America earning money to pay off debt Lew Git works himself to death and was never able to pay off the debt 5 Yellow Price a Derived from derogatory skin color b White merchants would only pay half price to Chinese for gold 6 Village elders clan leaders didn t go to America 7 Six Companies a The HUI KUAN are the six companies Each of these companies were in control of the san franscico docks When the Chinese arrive the 6 companies would show them around the city and offer them services of the companies The companies would give you food shelter They would be nice to the Chinese immigrants and help them find a job They would lend the immigrants money until they could find a job but interest rates were astronomical The Hui Kuan provided life and death insurance which would make sure your body was shipped back to china after you died The six companies kept peace in China Town They went beyond the clan boundary to ensure the peace a TONGS are Chinese organized crimes and the tongs operated out of china towns in various cities The tongs didn t like the 6 companies because the way the organized crimes could make money is by the tongs loaning money and getting high interest rates Most of the fighting was between the tongs and 6 companies over a loan b The tongs imported opium and heroin They were the first to import heroin in America and started to give people shots in the drug areas of china town The tongs also bought over prostitutes in brothels in china town 8 Tong 9 Chinese Stereotypes a They were stereotyped by their dress and opinions yellow criminals practice different religion b they dressed in robes and for wearing their hair tyed in a pigtail The Chinese were called yellow because of their skin color everyone else before was white everyone was white except Africans and now Chinese This is what sets them apart from the WASP s on the west coast Since Chinese had long hair it help more people associate them with being feminine 10 c The Chinese were seen as being criminals and this critique sprang from tongs in America and American merchants in China They killed sea otters and skinned them for clothing in return for tea The American merchants were acusing the chinese of cheating them on their deals The cheating and dishonest made them seen as criminals d The Chinese practiced another religion than the WASP s did They did not convert to Christianity There was a very deep anti Chinese sediment grew in America China towns were seen as one vast problem in cities They would not send city trash collectors to collect trash in China Town and they were seen as dirty places China town was seen as seedy towns drugs The TONGS sold heroine and opium but Americans were the ones who went in to buy the stuff Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 a Passed by congress said that for 10 years beginning in 1882 that Chinese immigration into the united states was restricted The only Chinese who could
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