Jewish Immigration Jewish Homelands Diaspora 600 AD Jews are expelled from homeland o Roman Empire o Ottomans Develop different cultures same religion different ways Push Factors Go Europe Mediterranean Africa Middle East Russia China Kicked out of every place they go o Anti Semitism anti Jewish Christian nations o Christ Killers You have killed the son of God o Blamed for all bad things God is punishing us for letting the people who killed Christ live in our country Jewish Immigration Economics o Involved in banking and finance o Usury profiting off of someone else s suffering inevitable with banking finance Christians cannot use usury Never made up more than 1 of population o Vulnerable o Scapegoats Results of Anti Semitism o Ghettos in cities they lived in o They could only work in certain places have certain jobs o Not allowed to go to school higher levels of education o Denied the rights of citizenship no politics voting Sephardic Jews early American formative wave o Come from Spain and Portugal o Live in Catholic society o King Ferdinand Queen Isabella head of state and religion in Spain The Spanish Inquisition religious persecution against anyone who isn t Catholic 1478 1834 o Keep Catholicism dominant religion o Catholic court people converting others to Catholicism o Auto de fe act of faith Prayer memorize scripture to prove your conversion to Catholic religion o Most Jews do not hide their religion many die are tortured imprisoned o Alhambra Decree Edict of expulsion passed Mar 31 1492 If you converted get out of Spain Spaniards don t trust converts o Jews then flee from Spain But no one else wants them Come to New World on Columbus ships Formative Wave Immigration o New Amsterdam NY o Money do have some money not fleeing poverty fleeing prosecution They keep money in portable wealth Upper middle upper class people are tolerated in early America o Come in small numbers 3000 spread out no ethnic enclaves Stay in cities no involvement in politics Most successful immigration of Jews German Jews First Wave 1830s o Move to same place as other Germans o Come w different Econ classes o Come in very large numbers makes Jewish population in U S more visible o 1820 15 000 Jews in U S 1850 30 000 Jews in U S 1880 2 million Jews in U S o Religious freedom pull factor o Peddlers traveling salesmen sell things around U S Universal male Jewish experience German Jews Sell goods high quality low prices Good job for German Jews Open small shops with more success than catalogs Macys started as this o High premium on education so they can work for family o Reformed Judaism from Germany allows them to fit into Christian population Second Wave Immigration 1880 1920 New Immigrants new does not mean good o Religion NOT protestant even Christians are weird ex Greeks o Language do not speak English o Unskilled Laborers come over because of Industrial Revolution o Region come from wrong places Eastern and Southern Europe wanted Western Europe o Perceived as people who cannot and will not assimilate Eastern European Jews Ashkenazic Jews o Eastern Europe Central Europe Russia o Second Wave o Disrupt daily lives of Jewish Americans o Very visible to U S o They pull other Jews in U S down Russification Russian empire takes over getting people to call themselves Russian All population not just Jews o A law that syas boys have to be in Russian military at 8 you have to serve in the military for 25 years o State sponsored population elimination by changing identities completely o Fighting back hurt hurting children physically to save his soul unable to go serve in the military if physically injured o Marriage laws Jewish girls cannon marry Jewish boys only Christian boys Pogroms 1871 1917 actually killing all Jews in Russian empire o Tsar Alexander II emancipated the Serfs Assassination March 31 1881 o Over 100 000 Jews killed Eastern European Jews in America 2 million come Lower East Side NYC within 3 city blocks of each other No money bad stereotypes Hold onto tradition do not assimilate Orthodox Judaism follow religion to the letter Speak Yiddish just these Jews o Torah and Talmud Torah first 5 books of the bible Talmud religious book produced by scholars interpretation of the Torah o Orthodox vs Reformed already in US Reformed way to keep Jewish faith around people who don t like Jews Saturday vs Sunday Jobs can t get jobs because holy day is Saturday o Other Jews help them out o Sweatshops are opened by other Jews where Ashkenazic Jews can work o Tenements in city they live in these 5 story high rise 10 people in 300 sq ft Education sent kids to public schools because it was free and allowed o High premium on education o Religious schools as well o First people to give out school loans Politics never denied the right to vote against immigration persecution Conservative Judaism emerges in particular to US o 2nd and on generation Jews o Generational differences o Move holy day back to Saturday o Do whatever in terms of food and dress o Synagogues are more traditional messaged in Hebrew o Balance between tradition and modern times Eastern European Jews in the 20th Century Racism anti Semitism reaction to Great Depression o The second KKK hating anyone who isn t a WASP violence against Jews Leo Frank Jewish American only Jew to be lynched war of racisms o Henry Ford anti Semite big one a lot of power The Dearborn Independent Ford s newspaper Articles Jews international community s worst problem The protocols of the elders of Zion 1920 Fake document Secret document that says Jews want to take over the world Actually written by Russians WWII 1939 1945 o Lehensraum living space and Untermensch Subhuman What Hitler wanted and who was in the way of it Hitler wanted Jews to leave country but no other country wanted them o The final solution Holocaust work campus elimination camps Up to 16 million people killed 6 million were Jews 500 000 were handicapped people 15 000 gay people o The willful killing of forced laborers or prisoners through excessive heavy labor Concentration and Labor Camps Extermination through labor malnutrition and inadequate care o Work shall set you free Death camps Gas chambers o Cyanide Zyklon B o Systematic killing Sonderkommando special unit o Jewish prisoners o Helped Nazis under the threat of death o Remove corpses remove jewelry gold teeth burned corpses Nazi Human Experimentation Medical torture Jewish and Gypsies Josef Mengele angel of death Auschwitz o Eye Color o Twins o
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