RACE ETHNICITY EXAM 1 TEST DETAILS 33 multiple choice questions worth 3 points each one point for just writing your name questions based off of key terms if we didn t go over that key term then it is not on the test never have to answer question where the answer will be a date date will be in the question itself o EX in 1831 who led a major slave rebellion and was skinned alive for it Nat Turner nationality where someone retains citizenship race the assumption of innate differences based on real or imagined physical characteristics o cannot determine race it is external determined by someone looking at you determined by other people for you o race comes from after the fall of the roman empire fear of isolation 1096 pope called crusade to liberate muslims northern europeans introduced to many different people africa india asia northern europeans have to find a way to retain superiority over the people that they re meeting if you don t look like us you re not as good as us o used to justify genocide war and slavery o ex Michael Jackson could have varying perceptions of what race he is o used for segregation in the U S one drop rule one drop of blood 1 32nd of african american was african american meant you were considered african american based on genealogy ex 1980 s Louisiana Susan Phipps considered herself white light skin married to white man but had black ancestor but state considered her african american stated that on all forms of ID o blood was separated by race in the South so that cross contamination didn t occur o german POW s were allowed in movie theaters just because they were white and african american citizens weren t even allowed in 1 the shared categorization of people based on factors like shared cultural values ethnicity nationality language religion and gender roles o comes from greek root word ethos meaning nation nation of people where you come from o greek culture was adopted by romans and romans used this word to mean cultured vs barbaric skin color didn t matter o english adopted it to mean christian or non christian o U S developed word to separate the Europeans and give them each identity o finally in 20th century became known as shared set of values that you share with other people o YOU CAN CHOOSE YOUR ETHNICITY if you are german english irish you could choose any of these to be your ethnicity you can be an american citizen yet claim your ethnicity is Irish nationality can be separate from your ethnicity RACIAL HIERARCHY o basically passed down through word of mouth o 1795 Johann Blumenbach decided to put down the hierarchy of the races into a book he was looking to try to find the perfect race human that northern Europeans could be compared to o created the word caucasian because he said northern europeans came directly from these people who lived in the Caucas mountains who were the most beautiful people ever made and therefore Caucasians were the superior race o first racial hierarchies were in north south america in spanish colonies the spanish imported slaves Caribbeans and native americans to work in mine areas all the races started to mate and have children viewed as a problem and raised the question where do they fit in racial hierarchy charts were created to have referential picture of the hierarchy which depicted various marital scenarios it was numbered and posted throughout the spanish towns full blooded spaniard top one spaniard one indian next spot kept working down until indian african bottom 2 chart determined who you had to respect tip your hat to RACIALIZATION o the process by which one is placed on this hierarchy carried out in two ways IDEOLOGICAL RACISM the belief that you are racially better than someone or everyone else o ideology that considers a group s unchangeable characteristics to be linked in a direct casual way to psychologically or intellectual characteristics and that on that basis distinguishes between superior and inferior groups essentially just the BELIEF that my race is better than their race o SCIENTIFIC RACISM scientists look for ways that races could be subordinate to others o used by Nazis to prove some people living in germany were not as good as true germans led to Holocaust o comes from unusual source in the Americas Thomas Jefferson was living in era where there was a big boom in science and rationality wrote book called Notes on the State of Virginia which basically said African Americans can only be slaves and Native Americans can be pushed off their lands and it doesn t matter o american scientific racism picked up in 1800 s due to slavery became a movement that africans could do NOTHING about o SAMUEL skulls MORTON from philedelphia considered himself to be a scientist wanted to prove Africans were not as smart as white people so he began sending letters to people all around the world and asked for skulls he would fill them with sand and whichever skull could hold the most sand was the smartest came to conclusion white skulls are bigger than every other skull on earth so they are greatest and everyone should be subordinate to them o JOSIAH NOTT from Mobile Alabama began writing in 1840 s called the Types of Mankind abolitionist movement picking up steam Nott said okay samuel morton proved something but i m going to work off that and prove that if slaves are released and begin breeding with whites than the children will be abnormal and bestiality will occur his books went through 9 printings before 1900 and still in print during WWI o scientific racism was put in place to uphold slavery RACISM when someone is discriminated because of their race 2 types 3 INDIVIDUAL RACISM group of another race small group or one individual discriminates against an individual or INSTITUTIONAL RACISM group ex slavery was legal in constitution segregation separate schools theaters restaurants etc bigger scale policy of a gov t to discriminate against a certain DOMINANT GROUP group that sets the laws and determines where other ones are on the racial hierarchy AKA the group that sets the rules o WASPs the dominant group in the U S white europeans stands for White Anglo Saxon Protestant o ex WASPs loved the germans they brought beer haha o ex WASPs hated Irish because irish were catholic Lecture 2 4 Types of Migration one that moves to another country of their own free will they can stay in their home 1 voluntary country if they want to but they voluntarily choose to leave and go to another ex Italians in the 1880 90 s 2
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