Test 3 Race Ethnicity Chinese o First Wave immigrants o 1849 1880 o 300 000 came into the U S o One thing that sets them apart was that they did West Coast migration o In 1850 400 million people lived in China o Guangdong Province Southeast corner of China long the coast 95 of the immigrants come from here Also known as other names Guangdong had been in contact with Europeans for a long time so they were very familiar with white people This was a trade rich culture and many of the immigrants coming from here are very familiar with Europeans whites because they trade with them They are comfortable going to America because they already know of the European culture Chinese here don t trade with Europeans They re mostly farmers Population density 1000 people per square mile Even in best years they couldn t farm enough to feed all the people Have to feed all those people o Push factors Crop failures and natural disasters Most of the Chinese in this region are poor farmers The population density was 100 000 per square mile Each family had a limited amount of land for farming and if a drought or other natural cause their people would starve Guangdong never was able to feed its entire people even when their output The rivers flooded every few years causing crops to fail and many would starve was maximized Had to import rice Rivers flood every few years Population density Primitive agricultural practices Natural disasters Tsunami o Had no form of weather forecasting to predict tsunamis making them worse than they already are o Happens several times during the 1850s o Two major tsunamis o Incredible amount of damage o Further hurt an already weakened economy o We don t even know when tsunamis hit because of poor record keeping 1 Wars Clan warfare Clan Conflict o Different families are bound together by a common ancestor o Some may not be blood related may be bound by political ties or Rebellion Taiping Rebellion economic ties o Societal structure o Supported emperor Kept in power by clans he was affiliated with attacked other clans Clans that supported emperor were opposed by clans that wanted another emperor Each clan would all support one emperor and were responsible for a certain emperor being elected Caused lots of arguments between different clans who supported different emperors o Punt Hakka Clan War Taishan Lasted from 1855 1867 o Hundreds of thousands of people died Soldiers stole food from peasants and brought disease o 1850 1864 o Led by Chinese Christian He started believing that he was Jesus brother o Uprising to set social equality in China Equality among sexes Make everyone equal o Wanted to do away with arranged marriages o Taiping wanted to bring Great Heaven Kingdom to Earth o People are upset with social conditions in China o Uprising by the people who want to set social conditions right in China o People of Taiping wanted an equal distribution of land equality of the genders get rid of arranged marriages prostitution slavery smoking and alcohol o Majorly they wanted more freedom o Forces of emperor fought all in the rebellion o Destroyed South Eastern China o In Guangdong region 20 100 million died form Died from battle disease or starvation Europeans intervened o Pull Factors Money High paying wages America pays very good wages compared to China Golden Mountain 2 California gold rush 1848 o Gold was found in Sacramento CA o Word reached San Francisco and it became a ghost town o A few months later word reached the East coast o In 1849 the 49ers o When Chinese were told about it they thought that California was just a giant mountain of gold golden mountain o Return migration Chinese weren t interested in staying in America They wanted to go to America make a lot of money and return to China where they would be a millionaire for the rest of their lives With this money they could rise above many of the circumstances which they went to America in the first place Ex poverty hunger moving out of the flood zones etc Chinese families lived with each other Including the extended family aunts uncles cousins grandparents come back to China They were patriarchic so the oldest male would go to California make some money and They would return multiple times to do this It would eventually improve their family s status Chinatowns were basically big bachelor pads because only the men would come This created a Bachelor Society Chinese family structure Patriarchic Confucianism Return multiple times Family improvement Lew family Lew Git went to America and sent money back to China The oldest son spent all they money and got into debt Father was never able to return to China Their idea was to go to America make a lot of money and return to China Chinese family everyone lived together The eldest male was in charge he would choose someone to go to America and bring money They would return multiple times Family would move away from bad area and be wealthy in China o Chinese go to California Biggest port in CA was San Francisco When Chinese arrive they don t have a lot of money are stuck Stayed among themselves Ethnic enclaves Chinatowns Americans made them a target because of color of skin They knew they wouldn t make friends with the WASPs No go on gold Chinese try gold fields They do well because they worked all day Made a profit White miners became jealous Pressured California government to pass laws 3 Railroad o Prohibited them from owning land they could find gold on yellow price o When exchanging gold for dollar bills people paid the Chinese less California government prohibited Chinese from working in gold fields For other gold strikes in the West you needed heavy equipment White mining companied didn t trust the Chinese to use machinery They hired Chinese to do feminine work washing clothes cooking etc 1862 Transcontinental Railroad San Francisco has low unemployment rate only people looking for work were the Chinese o Leland Stanford wanted to hire Chinese for to work on the railroad Chinese worked well didn t mind the heavy labor because it was good money o Laid 12 miles of track in 12 hours Chinese were accepted in the railroad communities unlike the mining communities Migrant workers Big agricultural areas Jobs as fruit pickers Fishing Dream of Golden Mountain was shattered by they were able to find other jobs o Chinese immigrants Return immigrants Single men Not many women bachelor society Family structure Had to rely on Chinatowns for support o Chinese support structures Clans
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