RACE AND ETHNICITY STUDY GUIDE Chapter 1 Basic Concepts dominant group majority group for the racial or ethnic group with the greatest power and resources in a society ethnocentrism the belief in the inherent superiority of ones own ethnic group or culture a tendency to view alien groups or cultures from the perspective of one s own stereotype an overgeneralization associated with a racial or ethnic category that goes beyond existing evidence discrimination actions carried out by members of dominant groups or their representatives that have a differential and harmful effect on members of subordinate groups Chapter 3 English Americans The Dominant culture and U S institutions since almost all of the colonies were founded by Englishmen they adopted English models in their laws constitutions educational system social structure and cultural pursuits religious diversity democratic language Language Religion Education Political Institutions Of ce holding Economic Institutions Chapter 4 Africans African Americans Exodus Northward demographic change in the distribution of black people moved north into urban areas searching for better economic opportunities Great Migration 1865 1960s about 6 million go to Boston Chicago New York slave codes laws that de ned the low position of slaves not being able to get education marriage not recognized can t leave w out pass etc 1 slave could not marry or meet w free black 2 marriage between slaves not recognized 3 slave can t legally buy or sell 4 couldn t have weapons or liquor 5 can t quarrel or talk abusively with Whites 6 can t have property 7 can t have a will or inherit 8 can t make contract to hire themselves out 9 can t leave plantation w out pass 10 can t teach them or give them a book 11 no gambling 12 obey curfews 13 can t testify except against another slave 13th Amendment abolished slavery throughout the US 1865 14th Amendment made them citizens gave them right to life liberty property 1866 15th Amendment all citizens have the right to vote 1869 The Black Codes limited basic human rights and civil liberties of blacks after civil war may only own land lease in towns cities mississippi must have home or employment may be carried back to employer if they violate a contract can t come together can t be with a white woman Chapter 5 Irish Americans Scotch Irish certain immigrants from northern Ireland some of whose ancestors are said to have immigrated to Ireland from Scotland The Ape Image animal like stereotype a part of cartoons that used a ghting stance ape face whiskey and a club to portray the Irish a threat to politics Irish Political bosses and machines set up to help Irish have some political power to change things providing jobs was a critical function Tammany Hall one of the rst political machines in New York the Irish took it over William M Boss Tweed urban leader who represented the underdog identi ed with the poor WASPS saw him as greedy and corrupt from Tammany Chapter 5 Primary Sources Poor Pat Must Emigrate song that discusses the push factors of Ireland such as famine loss of a liberator rent and taxes too high driven from their homes overpopulation Political Cartoons see that they were violent wasps afraid of them taking over poor drunks savages ape faces religion catholics vampires KEY TERMS FROM THE LECTURES Assimilation entirely give up old culture t into new dominant culture Acculturation accepting that you re in a new culture try to t in but don t give up everything Un Assimilate able people we have decided cannot assimilate lives in ethnic enclaves etc Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798 Naturalization Act citizenship is 5 14 yrs Alien Enemies and Friends Acts could deport anyone from country us was warring with or they considered dangerous to the peace of us Deportation can never come back to US Civil War 1861 1865 over slavery 180 000 African Americans fought Emancipation Proclamation Lincoln made the war about ending slavery freed all slaves but south wasn t under it at the time Reconstruction 1865 1877 had to bring south back after being destroyed make it apart of the union what to do with freedmen Freedmen former slaves Thirteenth Amendment 1865 freed slaves Fourteenth Amendment 1868 citizens Fifteenth Amendment 1870 right to vote Sharecropping plantations divided up so they work a piece of the land and give portion of crop to owner pay for rent of land second year they have to give double go into debt tied to family like slavery then it s declared illegal Tenant Farming have to pay money instead of crop and black price for crops is lower so they actually have to give more cycle of poverty Poll Tax Literacy Tests Grandfather Clause set up to keep them from voting because its too expensive they can t read and their grandparents didn t vote because they were nt allowed then Great Migrations 1865 1960 s most didn t move because they didn t have enough money and were stuck by sharecropping 250 000 go west cowboys go north because of jobs industrial revolution Chicago Boston New York 6 million leave south Segregation separate but equal Importance to Civil Rights Movement wouldn t have happened w out Great Migration From Immigration from Ireland Lecture Four Factors of Success Money Numbers Location and Stereotypes Problems with England Henry VIII King of Ireland James I taking over invasion Henry 8 colonizes and says their culture doesn t exist switch to Protestant James I puts Ireland down economically and gives away their plantations to to friends Plantation System Plantation of Ulster gives away Irish plantations to friends from Ulster had to work for someone else less workers needed b c plantations were huge for sheep Ulster Scots people who took over Scots Irish Tenant Farmers worked someone else s land that was once theirs Penal Laws Irish black codes no education speaking Irish can t be Catholic can t vote Overpopulation plantations take 1 10 workers too many people to be supported Ulster Scots Scots Irish or in readings Scotch Irish Four Factors of Success 1 money have some voluntary 2 location Backcountry Appalachian Mountains move here 3 numbers 250 000 came 4 stereotypes violent poor drunks violent hated English helped ght war children given weapons women are taught Stereotypes to defend too clans for protection poor living conditions of log cabins frugal people one room think they don t have marriage b c there aren t ministers or churches out there drunks drink distilled beverages scotch don t have rules for
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