Study Guide Exam 3 Race and Ethnicity in the US Spring 2013 Professor Lauren Thompson LATINOS 1 Mexicans Push factors conditions Poriforo Diaz rurales Remember to be looking at what the groups in each category have in common but what makes them different Most of the questions are on these Latino groups because we spent the most time on them Pull Factors economic opportunities 1 Labor 2 Globalized capitalism 3 Exempt from immigration act Stereotypes look at cultural inferiority part Discrimination wages Maquiladoras housing brown skin Assimilation bilingualism move throughout US higher education 2 year college Acculturation N A Resistance Chicano Political Movement unions Hispanic Roman name for Spain Us government terms of those of Spanish heritage the way most white people refer to Spanish people as Latino preferred term for those who have Spanish heritage African and Native American ancestry the name Latinos prefer Mestizos mixed people those who have Spanish blood combined with African and or Native American blood Africans got to Cuba and other Latino places through the slave trade History of Mexican Independence War Mexico wins independence from Spain in 1821 Mexican war was a fight over Mexican land involving the annexation of Texas in 1845 which ended with the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo peace treaty making the Southwest to be a part of American territory but Mexicans can still live on that land Porfirio Diaz Mexican leader who was the president of Mexico from 1876 1911 Rurales people from the rural areas who are Diaz s army that kept order in the countryside Economic Labor Pull factors 1 Chinese become excluded more job availabilities for Mexicans to do the dirty work 2 Globalized capitalism US sets up factories at Mexican borders making it easier for Mexicans to work at super low wages but still not be US citizens 3 Exempt from the 1924 Immigration Act still allowed to work in the US still very super low wages Zig Zag Theory 1920s Mexicans WANTED for cheap labor in US 1930s Great Depression Mexicans NOT WANTED because jobs were wanted for American citizens 1940s WWII Mexicans WANTED because men left to go to war Bracero Programs came about Bracero Program program for seasonal farm workers on contract to work in US 5 million Mexicans Mexican Migration Since 1965 Need an official Visa only 20 000 allowed in per year Mexicans commute from Mexico to work in the US Boarder Crossers receive short term work permits Undocumented illegals still come in to work for large corporations Border Crossers Mexicans who receive short term work permits to work in the US Brown Scare Stereotype because of Mexican s brown skin seen as filthy and greasy Cultural Inferiority Mexican 1 Lazy Siesta nap after lunch 2 Unintelligent required to test in English even though they can only speak Spanish score very low making them dumb 3 Crime Oriented Compadres group of men walk around together in groups WASPS assume negative things involving drugs and violence 4 Illegal usually in Zig Zag labor cycle Americans brought them over to work for super cheap Formation of stereotype that all Mexicans jump the border and are illegal immigrants Media fueled this Maquiladoras labor intensive manufacturing plants on Mexican border for hiring low wage workers REPLACED BRACERO PROGRAM Barrios segregated Mexican American neighborhoods in urban areas Chicano Political Movement Mexican version of the Civil Rights Movement wanted less discrimination for Mexicans United Farm Workers UFW labor union founded by farmers in CA and AZ who work for equal pay Founded by Cesar Chaves Mexican MLK Jr Slowly but Surely climbing in social status just at a slow pace 2 Cubans Push factors Castro Pull Factors opportunities Stereotypes Positive anti communist seen as the model Latino immigrants why Golden exiles came over first and set a good reputation seen as af uent political conservatives they vote republican major reason they vote republican now is because they don t like JFK because of the Bay of Pigs Negative drug cartels not only Latino group doing it Scarface made everyone believe all Cubans ran them Violent Brown Race take in Mexican Stereotypes because of last names and skin color Discrimination 1 Separateness elites excluded from white social clubs and groups like country clubs and places you have to pay money to join started from golden exiles all the way through the other waves too 2 Jobs IN THE 60s 48 professionals dropped to 13 unskilled labor 16 to 32 3 Language names accents viewed as Mexicans Acculturation enclave Little Havana Miami but also Miami and South Florida keep language culture and traditions community solidarity family and kinship networks are key further from enclave less they become Fractured Identity Double Identity Spanish American War era of imperialism Jim Crow industrialism etc 1 CUBANS wanted independence from Spain 2 US said they would help CUBANS gain independence 3 Spain left US took over all Cuban diplomacy get to stay had to fight for independence 4 By 1920s US took over Cuban military finance and politics US owned 90 of mines 80 of utilities 40 of sugar industry 50 on railroads Cuban Revolution 1959 Cuba doesn t want to be ruled by US Fidel Castro rules Cuba 4 Waves of Cuban Migration 1 GOLDEN EXILES 200 000 that come these are the wealthy Cubans who maple enter US interest in Cuba US said come in in to them light skinned came in a plane freedom ights granted refugee status and citizenship Cuban emergency relief center Miami INVOLUNTARY MIGRANTS scared of Fidel 2 MIDDLE CLASS 250 000 people 75 already had family in US relatives of Gold Exiles chain migration light skinned teachers small business owners scared of Castro come on planes 3 MARIEL CUBANS Mariel Boatlift in 1980 125 000 came half size of middle class assumed to be prisoners communists and mentally ill NOT given citizenship fear of if they re communist lived in camps Cuban Haitian entent Haitians came at same time entent in Miami golden exiles and middle class don t want to be associated with them came over because they against Fidel Castro or were released from jail by him Assumed to be prisoners communists and mentally ill because of the prison in Cuba also called Marielitos 4 Balseros FOURTH WAVE boat people 35 000 US increased VISAS all kinds to 20 000 Cubans annually came in on homemade rafts typical stereotype Cuban Haitian Entent in Miami similar to the enclave Fractured Identity Cuban born older in age Feel like refugees
View Full Document
Unlocking...