Race Ethnicity 12 02 2013 Intro to Terms and Concepts Nationality Race where they retain citizenship the assumption of innate differences based on real or imagined physical characteristics o Not a biological fact o Social construction o concept started with Northern Europeans Examples o The Phipps Case o Michael Jackson Personal and state disagreed on race Ethnicity the shared categorization of people based on factors like shared cultural values nationality language religion and gender roles Racial Hierarchy a stratification of and substantial inequality among physically distinct groups Racialization grouping together process that determines bolstered by Ideological Racism an ideology that considers a group s unchangeable physical characteristics to be linked in a direct casual way to psychological or intellectual characteristics and that on tis basis distinguishes between superior and inferior groups Individual Racism individual acts against one race Institutional Racism institutionalized practices law or social custom that differentiates or negatively affects members of a subordinate racial group o Examples Slavery later Jim Crow Laws Dominant vs Subordinate Group Immigration People escaping problems searching for new opportunities Post colonialism Fall of Soviet Union Point of origin has changed the American reaction hasn t changed Three Waves of Immigration Formative Wave 1607 1820 o Mostly voluntary immigrants First Wave of Immigration 1820 1880 o Lots of Irish German and Chinese o Ends in 1880 b c of 1st Immigration Law Second Wave of Immigration 1880 1920 o Italians Jews Mexicans o Ends with strict immigration laws Why Did They Come Types of Immigration o Voluntary mostly Formative Desire religious freedom etc o Forced African slave trade o Economic Labor 1st and 2nd Wave Start new life make and return with Push and Pull Factors o Displaced Persons Cold War refugees Cubans o Reasons someone migrates o Push is situation in home country o Pull is incentive that draws people to America Patterns of Adaptation and Adoption Assimilation process by which one cultural group adopts some or all of the cultural practices of another Acculturation two groups exchange cultural practices o The process Language religion skills money numbers location and stereotypes all play a part Generational Differences 2nd generation rebels against the 1st that tried to assimilate Philosophies on Race and Ethnicity Anglo Conformity the idea that a new group will only last if they fully assimilate to the dominant white group o Oldest theory Melting Pot Ideal all the races cultures ideas will melt together and form something new o Far fetched Requires no prejudice complete loss of identity history Cultural Pluralism celebrates diversity and claims America will become stronger because the conflicts o Salad bowl metaphor o Opposite of Anglo Conformity The English 12 02 2013 o Anglo Saxon is anyone who is English and those who came to Who are the English W A S P White Anglo Saxon Protestant America o Protestants not just Anglican Other Colonial Ventures Traders goal was to make money o French o Dutch o Spanish English were settlers wanted to stay Three Great Migrations of the English 1st Great Migration 1629 1640 o from East Anglia to New England o cold kept out disease agriculture and thus slavery o Puritans still not tolerant of others o City On a Hill John Winthrope Set shining example of a nation o Came over as families Increase numbers middle class 2nd Great Migration 1641 1672 o Came from middle including London to Chesapeake Bay o Warmer better for farming but also spread disease Summer is Dying Time o Large scale agriculture slavery o Joint Stock Companies Merchant and nobleman funded Virginia Company Send 2nd and 3rd sons Primogeniture father 1st born son inherits everything from Sought to prevent splitting up family land Companies not very prepared Very royalist very Anglican both unlike Puritans 15 aristocracy 85 indentured servants 5 7 year contract paid passage to America some money or supplies after contract expired 3rd Great Migration 1675 1725 o Came from Northern part of England Wales Yorkshire Violent conflict ridden area Went to Middle Colonies Delaware New Jersey New York Pennsylvania Quakers Radical Protestant group Hated by Anglicans Puritans and Virginians Inner Light philosophy Equal treatment of people by 1700s there was no slavery Also called Ethnic Pluralism Lower middle class 50 families Societal Structure Puritans middle class got rid of extremes richest and poorest Virginians Rigid hierarchal structure Deference people better than you Freedom Quakers Radical structure stratification but as one whole people Everyone is a friend just accepted varying levels of importance Puritans Ordered Liberty give up individual liberties for good of Rights could be extended to different ethnicities and group Virginians Hegemonic Liberty o Ruling class vs Non ruling class o Ruling class couldn t be ruled by others o Only freeborn Englishmen could rule Quakers Liberty of Conscious o Freedom of religion o Trail by jury o Reciprocal liberty races Sex Puritans o Outside marriage restrictions o Once married it was encouraged o Courting Board Virginians o Double standard about sleeping around o Diary entries Roger Quakers o Only for reproduction o Non suggestive clothing English American Dominance Language Religion Protestantism discrimination Legal and Political Institutions o English helped form ours Economic Institutions o Capitalism Invented concept of White Race in America Gradual loss of power Africans Slavery 12 02 2013 Trans Atlantic Slave Trade Triangular Trade o Slaves brought to Americas o Raw materials sugar tobacco cotton to Europe o Finished products textiles guns to Africa Over 300 years 12 5 million captive Africans were taken 10 8 million actually made it to the Americas o largest forced migration ever Not the first slave system in history Chattel Slavery o Slaves stopped becoming people they re property o Based on color of skin Origins Bartolome de las Casas o Suggested Africans be used as slaves on Hispaniola o Asiento Trade agreement with Spanish king 4000 Africans brought o Regretted afterwards Sugar Cane o Labor intensive o High mortality rate o Very very profitable o Demand in Europe exploded o Absentee owners don t even want to be there Barbados o 1680s sugar was main export 15 000 tons a year o England s wealthiest colony o Model for all other colonies North America Tobacco
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