Ch 11 Attraction and Romantic Relationships Learning Objectives p 397 406 408 415 425 427 1 What are the 3 things discussed in class that lead to attraction and how do they do so Propinquity Tendency for people to form relationships with those they Similarity In terms of behavior personality and physical attractiveness to the People will try to date the most attractive person they can date limited by own attractiveness Due to this people tend to date similar levels of physical encounter often o Mere exposure other person o Matching hypothesis attractiveness Physical Attractiveness o Symmetry o Averageness composite face 2 What is the mere exposure effect Does this lead to liking or disliking Mere exposure effect The tendency for novel stimuli to be liked more or rated more positively after the rater has been repeatedly exposed to them o This effect leads to liking 3 What is the matching hypothesis and how is it related to attraction Matching Hypothesis o People will try to date the most attractive person they can date limited by own attractiveness o Due to this people tend to date similar levels of physical attractiveness 4 What factors make people in general more attractive What factors make men specifically attractive Women Men prefer attractiveness women prefer status Symmetry averageness Men o Masculinity o Square Jaw o Prominent chin o Heavier eyebrows o Thinner Lips Women o Waist to Hip Ratio smaller waist and larger hips 7 ratio most attractive o Youth able to have children 5 What are the common sex differences in prioritizing attractiveness and how are they explained Answer above 6 What factors can alter some of the sex differences in prioritizing attraction Men prioritize attractiveness o Attractiveness is seen as a sign of fertility Women prioritize status wealth o But not always 7 What is a relationship A close relationship lecture only Interdependence when my behaviors affect your outcomes and vice versa A close relationship strong frequent and diverse interdependence that lasts over a considerable period of time 8 How do we define success in romantic relationships lecture only Two ways to assess the functioning of close relationships o Stability o Satisfaction Two components of success often are not considered separately 9 Know the statistics concerning relationship stability lecture only 40 50 of all first marriages end in divorce or permanent separation The divorce rate for second marriages is even higher 75 When do marriages end Mode between 2 3 years 10 What is the trajectory of relationship status over time lecture only Trajectory of relationship satisfaction hasn t changed much over time Couples start moderately satisfied Satisfaction slowly increases peaking around marriage Decline after marriage Although couples differ in how much and how fast satisfaction increases or decreases most couples follow this pattern 11 What are the four attachment styles and how do they affect relationships only 3 are talked about in your book but we cover 4 in class Attachment has 2 dimensions o Anxiety extent to which insecure about the availability and responsiveness of romantic partners o Avoidance extent to which uncomfortable being close to others Four styles o Secure Low anxiety low avoidance Most successful most of the population o Dismissing avoidant Low anxiety high avoidance o Fearful avoidant High anxiety high avoidance o Preoccupied AKA anxious ambivalent High anxiety low avoidance 12 What are the three factors of the investment model How do they affect relationship stability lecture only Investment Model Rusbult 1983 Predicts stability in relationships o Satisfaction How happy are you with your partner Relationship rewards Relationship costs Rewards costs can be tangible or intangible What we think we should get from a relationship Comparison Level CL Satisfaction Rewards Costs CL We are happy when we think our relationship outweighs our comparison level expectations o Available Alternatives Are there others who would make better partners Miller 1997 Participants in relationships viewed slides of magazine ads Still in relationship 2 months later o Investment How much have I put into this relationship Sunk Cost invested resources you can t get back Don t want those investments to be for not 13 What did the study on alternatives find about good relationship partners and how did they study this lecture only Miller 1997 o Participants in relationships viewed slides of magazine ads o If they spent a lot of time looking at the attractive person they were NOT still in relationship 2 months later 14 How do sunk costs influence relationships lecture only Sunk Cost invested resources you can t get back o Don t want those investments to be for not 15 What does your book say about the risk of divorce and who marries whom book only People usually stay married if they o Married after age 20 o Both grew up in stable two parent homes o Dated for a long while before marriage o Are well and similarly educated o Enjoy a stable income from a good job o Live in a small town or on a farm o Did not cohabitate or become pregnant before marriage o Are religiously committed o Are of similar age faith and education None of these predictors by itself is essential to a stable marriage Ch 10 Aggression Learning Objectives p 354 356 358 359 360 370 374 382 388 390 1 What are the 3 important features that define an act as aggressive Aggression any behavior intended to harm another person who is motivated to Not an emotion e g anger Not a thought e g I want to punch Tom Cruise in the face 2 Be able to categorize an aggressive act as direct indirect violent verbal relational avoid harm o Aggression is behavior o It is intentional o Victim wants to avoid harm hostile instrumental and active passive Types of aggression o Direct Target is present o Indirect Target is absent o Hostile Harm is the goal o Instrumental Harm is a means Use harm as an instrument to get what you want o Active Taking action o Passive Failing to act Jack yells at Joe because he s angry at him Direct Hostile Active Pam spreads rumors about Joe because he dumped her Indirect Hostile Active Ashley doesn t give her boyfriend the message from work because she s mad at him for working too much Indirect Hostile Passive Peter shoots his wife to get her life insurance Direct Instrumental Active 3 Explain the frustration aggression hypothesis both old and revised What does this hypothesis not predict Frustration aggression hypothesis
View Full Document
Unlocking...