Chapter 1 Mission and Method part 1 the presence of other people effects our behavior Human Nature 01 11 2016 Social psychology deals with things important to all of us o Persuading friendships romantic relationships Need PhD o Colleges mixture of teaching research o Hired by private organizations for marketing etc The scientific study of how people think about influence and relate to each other as groups and as individuals o Social psychology is a science Everyone has opinions experience relevant to social psychological phenomena I don t need to study findings bc I know about it already political implications study things people care about ex video games cause aggression in kids some people mad can affect what research is being done and how people respond to that research often incorrect birds of a feather flock together folk wisdom etc hindsight bias the tendency to think I knew it all along when presented with new information o makes findings seem obvious even though they are not person x situation behavior is result of interaction between a person s personality and the situation they are in strong situations people tend to respond in similar ways to certain situations regardless of personality o winning lottery weak situations personality plays a large role in how people respond o failure stranger smiling at you social cognition people think about other people a lot predict how others will act study thought memory planning social influence see one person do something likely to follow suit conformity trying to exert influence onto another person to get them to do something persuasion love attachment to parents aggression violence etc relationships groups cultural difference collectivist vs individualist prejudice and stereotypes discrimination how people judge others based on their group affiliation individuals study the self self awareness self control personality overcome obstacles Objectives Be able to define social psychology The scientific study of how people think about people influence and relate to each other as groups and individuals Understand the hindsight bias and how it relates to people s views of psychology as a science When presented with new information have a tendency to think I knew it all along Makes it seem like the findings are obvious even though they are not Understand that behavior is the result of an interaction between one s personality and the situation Strong situations people generally react similarly relies less on personality characteristics weak situations reaction relies heavily on personality Know the difference between strong and weak situations and be able to recognize examples of both Strong wining the lottery weak failure Know what topics social psychologists typically study Study the self relationships groups cultural and affiliation social influence conformity persuasion predict what people will do and study thought memory planning Chapter 1 Mission Method part 2 Research Methods 01 11 2016 Necessity of Scientific Approach One s values and beliefs can bias one s conclusions o Confirmation bias tendency to seek out and favor information that conforms to one s currently held beliefs o Motivated vs unmotivated distortion Motivated ex view one self unrealistically Unmotivated ex No single scientific method Gathering Analyzing Interpreting Data Where do data come from o Laboratories Researchers can control environment Majority done this way o Online samples Fast cheap Limited info on questions and participants Access to populations you wouldn t otherwise get contact and ask them to participate o On the street Limited pencil clipboard Short questionnaires Cheap Different types of evidence Types of data o Self reports Surveys how they feel etc Experience sampling app on phone random multiple times throughout day the app would ask a few questions o Behavioral What people say do Aggressive or helping behaviors People s reaction times to certain things online and not necessarily self report implicit bias Divorce rates income children how many children Nothing to do with reporting their feelings etc o Outcome o Physiological Cortisol levels Ex mock job interview 1 group power stance 2 group no instructions 1 group lower cortisol and better ratings by interviewer fMRI expensive Types of Research Designs o Descriptive background info before analyzing underlying mechanisms putting info out there about people s preferences o correlational positive both variables up negative one up one down zero no correlation r 37 r correlation coefficient direction of relationship 37 strength of relationship 0 00 to 1 00 good first step to understanding relationship betw useful for studying variables that can t be manipulated variables o Experimental Provides info about causation Independent variable IV Random assignment Manipulation Dependent variable DV Measured Example Rejection v control on pain sensitivity Deception in Social Psych Cover stories testing o Give participant fake info so they don t know what we re o If we told them our hypothesis participant might change how they answer questions do activity o Pretend to be other participants experimenters o Ex how temp in room affects aggressive responses toward Confederates another Manipulate temp confederate insult participant to see how they respond Manipulations involving deception o mood freezing pills example Debriefing o at end of experiment explain the real purpose of the story and the deceptions implemented Interpreting Results of Experiments Generalizability o Sample used should be representative of the population as a whole o If we want to learn something about people sample should represent whole population and not just one group Random selection Statistical Reasoning o Mood freezing 100 on aggression non mood freezing 200 on aggression Statistically significant Statistical significance measure of how likely that the difference between the groups occurred by chance Need to know mean and standard deviation How far average person is from the mean Reliability Validity o Reliability are measurements consistent Ex bathroom scale 200lbs everyday for a year reliable o Validity are measurements measuring what they re supposed Ex scale 90lbs everyday for a year but I don t weigh 90lbs reliable but not valid to Self correction o Peer review To get work published send to journal journal sends to experts in the field they then decide if it s good enough for publication usually w minor changes o Replication If
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