Learning Objectives Chapter 11 Attraction and Exclusion Know the relationship between rejection and pain sensitivity and when rejection can be beneficial With rejection pain tolerance and affiliation increases Describe the four main reasons why we like someone 1 Symmetry 2 What s beautiful is good 3 Mere exposure 4 Matching Define the what is beautiful is good hypothesis Assumption that attractive people possess other good qualities We assume they are nicer more outgoing smarter more successful etc Women were rated as kinder and more sensitive after plastic surgery Define the matching phenomenon We choose partners who are a good match for us on physical attractiveness and other traits There tends to be a match between married dating couples friends fraternity brothers on attractiveness We look for an equitable match across qualities List the factors that influence perceptions of attractiveness symmetry averageness but also understand gender differences in attractiveness Attractiveness Symmetry both men and women prefer more symmetrical faces Describe gender differences in engaging in relationships and differentiate the two main explanations for these differences parental investment theory and error management theory Men are more willing to engage in casual sex Men are willing to have sex with someone who is below average Both men and women say that to go on a date with someone that person must be at least average If a woman is going to engage in a relationship with someone that person must be above average Parental Investment Theory Trivers 1972 o Sex w higher investment in reproduction choosier about mating o Sex w lower investment in reproduction has to compete to mate with higher investing sex Humans o Who will be choosier o Who will be competing for sexual access Error Management Theory We don t always know people s intentions Some errors are more costly than others Men women should be designed to make the less costly error Does this person want to have sex with me o Men have a lot to gain from casual sex Missed sexual opportunity bad Men should overestimate women s sexual interest Women don t do this Will this person stay committed to me o Women have a lot to lose from casual sex Don t want to be abandoned Women should underestimate men s commitment Men don t do this Error management theory error on the side of caution Studies you should know DeWall Baumeister 2006 Participants filled out extraversion questionnaire IV Feedback Future Belonging acceptance Future Alone rejection Misfortune control Pressure algometer Pain sensitivity When do you first feel pain Pain threshold When is pain too DV much Maner et al 2007 Can rejection increase desire for social reconnection IV write essay about being accepted by others rejected by others or neutral control 75 to join DV Do you want to join FSU Connect Moreland Beach 1992 4 women were enrolled in a class IV each showed up to a different number of class sessions 0 5 10 15 DV How attractive is she Li et al 2002 Provost et al 2008 Women came in at different points of their menstrual cycle Rated how attracted they felt towards point light walkers Clark Hatfield 1989 An attractive stranger approaches you on campus Would you like to go on a date with me Would you like to come back to my place Would you like to have sex with me Kenrick et al 1990 What level of a trait would a person have to have for you to say yes to Date casual sex committed relationship marriage 40 above 40 of the population Men are willing to have sex with someone who is below average i e below the 50th percentile Both men and women say that to go on a date with someone that person must be at least average i e at least the 50th percentile If a woman is going to engage in a relationship with someone that person must be above average i e above the 50th percentile Learning Objectives Chapter 12 Close Relationships Differentiate between passionate and companionate love and know which is more effective for starting a relationship and which is more effective for maintaining a relationship Passionate romantic love Strong feelings of longing desire and excitement toward someone Effective for starting a romantic relationship Companionate affectionate love High level of mutual understanding and caring Effective for maintaining a relationship List the components of Sternberg s Triangle of Love and describe how these components change over time and how important they are for relationship satisfaction over time Sternberg s Triangle of Love Passion o Physiological arousal sexual attraction o Necessary for beginning a relationship Intimacy o Feelings of closeness sharing support mutual concern o Necessary for maintaining a relationship Commitment o Conscious decision to remain in relationship o Necessary for maintaining a relationship How these components changed over time How important they are for relationship satisfaction over time Describe the components of the Investment Model of Relationships Investment Model Satisfaction o How happy are you with your partner Describe Bem s Exotic becomes Erotic and Diamond s Dynamical System theory of Available Alternatives o Are there others who would make better partners Investment o How much have I put into this relationship List the two main dimensions and three main types of attachment Two main dimensions 1 Avoidance 2 Anxiety Three main types of attachment 1 Secure attachment 2 Avoidant attachment 3 Anxious attachment same sex sexuality Exotic becomes Erotic Childhood o Boys play with boys Girls play with girls o Genes influence temperament Rough and Tumble play boys Quiet play girls o Begin interacting with opposite gender o Nervousness attributed to sexual arousal o Exotic becomes Erotic Puberty Dynamical System Sex and Love are different o Sex Drive opposite sex o Love Drive any sex Love can spill over into Sex Studies you should know Acker David 1992 Measured passion intimacy commitment Relationship length Relationship stage casually dating exclusively dating engaged living together married Relationship satisfaction MacDonald Ross 1999 Parents Roommates and P made judgments about relationship quality and how long relationship would last Actually measured how long relationship lasted Miller 1997 P s in relationships viewed slides of magazine ads Still in relationship 2 months later Opposite sex photo gazers more likely to break up Learning Objectives Chapter 13 Prejudice and Intergroup Relations Differentiate prejudice stereotype and
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