Unit 3 The Self Bold terms from the reading Make sure you have done the reading well My suggestion is to make flashcards out of all the bold terms as you read each day or just make a separate list of the bold terms and make sure that you can define each bold term offer examples of each bold term etc Interpersonal self public self the image of the self that is conveyed to others Agent self executive function the part of the self involved in control including both control over other people and self control Self as impulse a person s inner thoughts and feelings Self as institution the way a person acts in public especially in official roles Independent self construal a self concept that emphasizes what makes the self different and sets it apart from others Interdependent self construal a self concept that emphasizes what connects the self to other people and groups Social roles the different roles a person plays as in a play or a movie Self awareness attention directed at the self Private self awareness looking inward on the private aspects of the self including emotions thoughts desires and traits Public self awareness looking outward on the public aspects of the self that others can see and evaluate Standards ideas concepts of how things might possibly be Public self consciousness thinking about how others perceive you Self regulation the process people use to control and change their thoughts Looking glass self the ideas that people learn about themselves by imagining feelings and behaviors how they appear to others Generalized other a combination of other people s views that tells you who and what you are Introspection the process by which a person examines the contents of his or her mind and mental states Social comparison examining the difference between oneself and another person Upward social comparison comparing yourself to people better than you Downward social comparison comparing yourself to people worse off than you Self perception theory the theory that people observe their own behavior to infer what they are thinking and how they are feeling Phenomenal self working self concept the image of self that is currently active in the person s thoughts Intrinsic motivation wanting to perform an activity for its own sake Extrinsic motivation performing an activity because of something that results from it Over justification effect the tendency for intrinsic motivation to diminish for activities that have become associated with rewards Appraisal motive the simple desire to learn the truth about oneself whatever it Self enhancement motive the desire to learn favorable or flattering things about is the self Consistency motive a desire to get feedback that confirms what the person already believes about himself or herself From the lectures What is the mirror test What who passes the mirror test o Mirror test A measure of self awareness developed by Gordon Gallup Jr in 1970 The test gauges self awareness by determining whether an animal can recognize its own reflection in a mirror as an image of itself This is accomplished by surreptitiously marking the animal with two odorless dye spots The test spot is on a part of the animal that would be visible in front of a mirror while the control spot is in an accessible but hidden part of the animal s body Scientists observe whether the animal reacts in a manner consistent with it being aware that the test dye is located on its own body while ignoring the control dye Such behavior might include turning and adjusting of the body in order to better view the marking in the mirror or poking at the marking on its own body with a limb while viewing the mirror All of the great apes bonobos chimpanzees orangutans gorillas and humans bottlenose dolphins orcas elephants and European Magpies Pigeons though could only detect the spots on their own body after they had been trained to and untrained pigeons have never been able to pass the mirror test Humans tend to fail the mirror test until they are about 18 months old or the mirror stage o Animals that passed the mirror test Dogs cats and 1 year old children for example usually ignore their reflections while birds often attack their own reflections Know the 3 parts of the self and what they do reflexive consciousness interpersonal tool executive function o Three parts of the self Reflexive consciousness Self knowledge Developed beliefs about the self Fueled by introspection We can easily generate long lists to the question who am I Constantly check the development of our selves Awareness conscious of self reflexive Self as primary frame of reference Self reflecting on the self Interpersonal tool The public self The image you try to portray to others Trying to impress others How you act will differ based on whether others are present or Many emotions indicate the concern we have with how others not see us Relates to the other Relationships interactions What do you tell people on a first date about yourself Does this match up with all your self knowledge or is it different The self in action Reflexive consciousness and interpersonal being collided The self is not a passive function Agent controller decision maker manager Makes choices sets priorities Manages self Stores organizes accesses self info Helps to make decisions o Ex resist tempting but fatty foods chose which classes to take make a promise Executive function Describe and identify examples of the 3 sources of self knowledge we reviewed introspection social comparison looking glass self o Introspection Fallacy of introspection Inferences about the self from past behavior Biased perspective Are you a good driver o Reference our behavior in relation to others Back seat driver we readily notice the errors of others Don t notice our own errors in driving unless someone informs us o Social comparison I only know how smart I am if I know how many questions other students got right You facts about yourself but knowing how you compare gives them meaning around the track A stopwatch can tell you how many seconds it takes you to get You only know if you are fast when you know whether you crossed the finish line before other people o Looking glass self Other people reflect who you are Other people hold up a mirror looking glass so you can see yourself How you think other people view you gives you knowledge about who Sometimes we re right about how others regard us sometimes were you are wrong Example if you think your friends view you as the patient one
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