Study Points Emotions AS ALWAYS BE ABLE TO APPLY ALL OF THESE CONCEPTS TO YOUR LIFE 1 What are the differences between emotion affect and mood Emotion specific evaluative reaction to some event I am afraid of alligators Mood general disposition or state im in a bad mood Affect valence of evaluation toward an event I have a negative affective response to alligators 2 How does affect motivate behavior and why does it do this 3 4 How does affect contribute to learning and decision making How does the Iowa Gambling Task study demonstrate this 5 What were the different theories of emotion discussed in class How do each of them explain how we reach our emotions Which is the currently accepted theory and why James Lange Theory says that emotion is not directly caused by the perception of an event but rather by the bodily response caused by the event Must first exp bodily response that corresponds with the emotion heart racing weaty hands fast breathing For example if I see a big scary dog barking at me my heart begins to race Noticing my heart race my brain figures out that I am experiencing fear Cannon Bard Theory Both the experience of the emotion and the bodily response occur at the same time independently of each other accepted Schacter Singer Theory experiencing an emotion requires both bodily response and an interpretation or cognitive appraisal of the bodily response by considering the particular situation the person is in at the moment If my heart is racing and an alligator is chasing me I might interpret that as fear If my heart is racing and I am looking at the person I am in love with I might interpret that as excitement Even though the bodily response is the same I might experience very different emotions depending on the type of situation I am in 6 What is misattribution of arousal and what were the methods and findings of the study examples we discussed in class white et al 1981 men ran on a treadmill for either 15 seconds or 2 minutes then they were asked to rate a picture of a women those with the high arousal rated the uglier women as uglier and the more attractive women as more attractive when your aroused something you like you will like alot more something you dislike you will dislike alot more those more aroused 120sec joggers rated unattractive women even worse than those less aroused although both were rated low 7 What is the domain specificity theory of emotions The effect of an emotion is depended upon specific emotion It serves to motivate behavior Emotions are domain specific 8 What are the specific functions of specific emotions discussed in class Disgust avoid disease Sadness seek social support Sexual arousal find a romantic partner Love maintain relationship 9 What were the methods and findings of the study on attention and love carried out an experimental study with 113 participants who were currently in a romantic relationship Participants in experimental condition were told to write a brief essay about their romantic partner while participants in control condition were told to write an essay about a time when they were really happy After this procedure both groups were shown a series of images of attractive males and females and average looking males and females and were asked to rate their attractiveness The specific hypothesis of the study was that people thinking about their romantic partner would pay less attention to images attractive members of opposite sex than people just thinking happy thoughts The results of the study confirmed the proposed hypothesis as it was discovered that individuals thinking about their romantic partner paid less attention to attractive alternatives at early stages of visual processing In fact instead of paying attention the participants thinking about their romantic partners seemed to be repelled by images of attractive members of opposite sex In the grand scheme these results highlight the role that emotions play in our perception of reality To a sad person the whole world seems full of pain To a happy person the world appears full of hope and opportunities The reason why a couple in love playfully engaging with each other are not able to see the absurdity of their behavior is not just because they don t care about anything else but it s also because love allows them to enter a reality that is entirely different from everyone else s 10 How do we know that emotional expressions are universal and automatic Emotions are cross cultural white black Asian etc Also cross species dog gorilla monkey They serve as communication for survival Expressions are functional disgust anger fear 11 What factors affect how we perceive emotions What factors affect how we express Factors that affect how we perceive others emotions emotions expectations stereotypes our own emotional states our own gender cultural differences power differences gender differences Factors shaping how we express display emotion 12 What are the gender differences in emotion if there are any Expressions are universal However women are quicker and better able at identifying other s emotions Study Points Attitudes and Behavior chapter4 AS ALWAYS BE ABLE TO APPLY ALL OF THESE CONCEPTS TO YOUR LIFE 1 What are attitudes How are they different from beliefs Attitude a favorable unfavorable indifferent or ambivalent evaluative reaction toward something or someone I like johnny depp Differ from beliefs his name is Jonny Attitudes predict our behavior If we believe something it will affect our attitude about it as well 2 What were the sources of attitudes covered in class How does each source affect attitude formation Affect cognition behavior others feeling influence attitudes Affect evaluation reaction and if it is favorable or unfavorable Cognition people like information that is easy to process If something is easy to read people form more positive attitudes toward it people like it more they think it s true and its easier Ex Black bean hummus recipe different fonts when recipe was easy to read P s said it was half as difficult took half as long and were more willing to try it Proverbs rhyming proverb is easy to read so it must be true being apart is bad for the heart being apart is bad for friendship Behavior an attitude based on observations of how one behaves toward an attitude object Self perception theory people don t know how they feel until they see how they behave 3 What is the mere exposure effect and what were the methods and findings of the study on it that
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