Learning Objectives Chapter 11 Attraction and Exclusion Define the need to belong o Fundamental and powerful human need Need both regular social contact And stable relationships with mutual concern Identify the three types of rejection o Active Rejection direct exclusion of individuals I don t want to play with you o Passive Rejection Indirect exclusion of individuals Increase distance treat people with less familiarity Silent treatment o Threat of rejection o DeWall Baumeister 2006 IV Rejection Future Belonging Future Alone Misfortune Control DV Pain threshold and sensitivity Pressure algometer People who were told they would have a lonely future took longer to feel pain and tolerated it longer Connection between rejection and pain o Maner et al 2007 Can social rejection increase social reconnection IV Write essays about being rejected or accepted by others or neutral control DV Do you want to join FSU Connect Pay 75 in order to join People who were rejected were more likely to join connect Rejection leads to social reconnection because the people are more likely to want to connect with new people who might accept them 1 1 Describe the four main reasons why we like someone o Proximity Why Mere Exposure Moreland Beach 1992 4 women enrolled in class DV How attractive How similar IV Each showed up different amounts of time 0 5 10 15 o Similarity Behavior Personality Physical Characteristics Which two are dating Attractiveness o Physical attractiveness You like House I like House We should date Attractiveness determines liking Social Comparison What is attractive depends on our comparison standard We are more attractive when with an The Radiating Effect of Beauty attractive friend This can backfire though o Men shown centerfolds rated their own wives less attractive o Liking those who like us Can knowing someone likes us cause us to like them more Yes Reciprocity is important for culture It works with liking too Try to think of an example of someone who adored you that you despised 2 2 Define the what is beautiful is good hypothesis o Physical attractiveness o What is Beautiful Is Good The assumption that attractive people possess other positive qualities We assume they are more kind outgoing intelligent and successful Women were rated kinder and more sensitive after plastic surgery Define the matching phenomenon o Physical attractiveness o Matching Phenomenon We chose partners who are a good match for us in their attractiveness and other traits There tends to be a match for married and dating couples friends fraternity brothers in their attractiveness We look for an equitable match across our qualities List the factors that influence perceptions of attractiveness but also understand gender differences in attractiveness Symmetry Averageness composite face Gender Differences Women Men o Waist to Hip Ratio o Youth o Masculinity o Square Jaw o Prominent chin o Heavier eyebrows o Thinner Lips Men prioritize attractiveness Women prioritize status wealth Li et al 2002 Design your ideal mate with 20 mate dollars Given 10 different characteristics and traits o Physical Attractiveness Yearly Income Intelligence Kindness Creativity Sense of Humor etc Each mate dollar corresponded to 10 percentile increase in that trait Men spent more money on attractiveness in women and less on income Women spent more on income and intelligence 3 3 4 4 Provost et al 2008 Women came in at different points in menstrual cycle Rated how attracted they felt toward point light walkers Demonstration Women are more likely to value status and masculinity when they are ovulating because they want a strong manly mate Describe gender differences in engaging in relationships and differentiate the two main explanations for these differences o Men and women Differ in standards for short term partners Similar for long term partners o Why Cultural Norms Not really found across cultures Parental Investment Minimum consequences of sex Costs for engaging in casual sex for men and women are unequal Error Management Is this person sexually interested in me Would this person stay committed Men overestimate sexual interest but not commitment Women underestimate commitment but not sexual interest Clark Hatfield 1989 Imagine someone comes up to you on FSU campus and says o Would you like to go on a date with me o Would you like to come back to my place o Would you like to have sex Kenrick et al 1990 Men and women rate a variety of traits on how important they are for potential mate in a variety of settings o Date casual sex committed relationship marriage Minimum acceptable criteria o e g 40 for intelligence for dating partner means partner has to be smarter than 40 of people in the dating pool Men are willing to have sex with someone who is below average i e below the 50th percentile Both men and women say that to go on a date with someone that person must be at least average i e at least the 50th percentile If a woman is going to engage in a relationship with someone that person must be above average i e above the 50th percentile 5 5 Learning Objectives Chapter 12 Close Relationships Differentiate between passionate and companionate love and know which is more effective for starting a relationship and which is more effective for maintaining a relationship o Passionate Romantic Love Strong feelings of longing desire and excitement toward someone Effective for starting a romantic relationship o Companionate Affectionate Love High level of mutual understanding and caring Effective for maintaining a relationship List the components of Sternberg s Triangle of Love and describe how these components change over time and how important they are for relationship satisfaction over time o Sternberg s Triangle of Love Passion Physiological arousal sexual attraction Necessary for beginning a relationship Intimacy Commitment Feelings of closeness sharing support mutual concern Necessary for maintaining a relationship Conscious decision to remain in relationship Also for maintaining a relationship o Acker David 1992 Measured passion intimacy commitment Relationship length Relationship stage casually dating exclusively dating engaged living together married Relationship satisfaction 6 6 Describe the components of the Investment Model of Relationships o Why do we stay in relationships o Investment Model Rusbult 1983 Satisfaction How happy are you with your partner MacDonald Ross 1999 o Parents Roommates and P made judgments about relationship
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