Study Points Prosocial Behavior AS ALWAYS BE ABLE TO APPLY ALL OF THESE CONCEPTS TO YOUR LIFE 1 The Story of Kitty Genovese what factors impeded helping March 13 1964 Queens NY Knifed and Raped Attacker left twice and came back Bystander effect 35 minutes before someone called police 2 The video on child abduction and on the people slumped over in Liverpool what factors influenced helping Don t need to know the information on the child abduction but be familiar with this video http www youtube com watch v OSsPfbup0ac Psychologists say victims are less likely to receive assistance when there are large numbers of people Think they should just not get involved Liverpool Street Station in London an actor Peter pretends to be ill and screaming for help lying on the street for more than 20 minutes and no one helps Then Ruth takes Peters place and still no one helps for a long time Then when one person helps more people start to help Peter then dresses as a business man and does it again and after only 6 seconds people help even call him sir 3 Bystander effect pluralistic ignorance diffusion of responsibility what are they and how do they affect helping increases Bystander Effect Tendency to be less likely to help as number of bystanders Pluralistic Ignorance making the false assumption that everyone around you knows whats going on more than you do o I don t know what s going on everyone else does Diffusion of Responsibility The belief that others will take responsibility for helping a person in need o I m sure someone else will call 911 4 What were the findings and the causes in the smoky room study P s completed questionnaire either alone or in room with 2 other people Smoke pumped into room Did they go get help o Alone 75 went to get help before room was completely filled with smoke o With 2 others 90 never went to get help 5 What were the findings and causes of the seizure study P s sat alone in cubicles Thought they were participating in a conversation with 1 other person 2 other people or 5 other people One person mentions during conversation prone to seizures A few minutes later this person has seizure o Did they help 6 What are the steps necessary for helping according to Darley and Latane s Model of o Bystander Intervention 1 Notice the Situation a Large number of bystanders may interfere with this b Distraction oh pretty birds 2 Interpret as Emergency a Pluralistic Ignorance 3 Assume Responsibiliy a Diffusion of Responsibility 4 Know How to Help a what do I do I m not trained to handle this 5 Judge Costs and Benefits 7 What did the good Samaritan sermon study Darley Batson 1973 find and what were the factors that influenced helping Seminary students told to learn sermon and go across campus to deliver sermon Some P s told Plenty of time to get there Some P s told Already late P s came across person slumped over in doorway Did they help a 8 What should you do say when you need help in an emergency situation Target people specifically and let them know you re in need o You in the blue shirt I need help Call 911 9 What are egoistic and altruistic helping What are the differences between them Egoistic Helping Helping others for benefits to the self Altruistic Helping Helping others for no expected benefit to the self 10 What is the empathy altruism hypothesis Based off this hypothesis what is needed to increase helping behavior If you feel empathy towards another person you will help them regardless of what you can gain from it What is needed Empathy Taking perspective of person in need can produce altruism o NOTE Empathy IS NOT sympathy 11 What is the aversive arousal hypothesis Why do we help based off this hypothesis How is this different than the empathy altruism hypothesis This hypothesis indicates that people help other people to relieve their own distress If we see another person in distress it is unpleasant Helping that person to relieve their distress can relieve our own distress about watch them suffer In other words one result of feeling empathy for the suffering of another person is that we may feel distress That distress will lead us to try to help the other person This is different from the empathy altruism hypothesis which says that we help because we feel empathy i e take the perspective off for the other person 12 Which form of motive altruistic vs egoistic produces longer helping and which produces more effective helping Think Omoto Snyder 1995 Altruistic 1 Values Because I enjoy helping others 2 Community Concern Because of my sense of obligation to the community 3 Understanding To understand problem and what it does to people Egoistic 4 Personal Development To make new friends and meet new people 5 Esteem Enhancement To feel less lonely Those with egoistic motives worked longer than those with altruistic motives Altruistic helping motivates better helping 13 How do social norms and reciprocity contribute to helping We help other people because social norms tell us that we ought to help Norm of reciprocity We are expected to help those who help us E g Mail surveys with a small gift included Norm of Social Responsibility We are expected to help those who are dependent on us o This norm applied selectively on attribution made for person s need E g someone on crutches Request for notes 14 How do mating goals increase prosocial behavior and how does this differ by gender Griskevicius et al 2007 Mating o Some P s imagined going on a romantic date o Some P s imagined going to a concert with a friend o P s asked to rate how likely they would be to help Nonheroic acts Volunteering at a homeless shelter Heroic acts Fighting off a bear with a stick 15 How does kinship affect different kinds of prosocial behavior and how does this differ by who benefits from that prosocial behavior Burnstein et al 1994 Kinship How likely would you be to help o Your parent o Your sibling o Your aunt o Cousin o Acquaintance Everyday chore vs Life Or Death text 16 What is the overjustification effect How was this applied to helping behaviors From The overjustification effect occurs when an expected external incentive such as money or prizes decreases a person s intrinsic motivation to perform a task The result of bribing people to do what they already like doing they may then see their actions as externally controlled rather than intrinsically appealing by providing people with just enough justification to prompt a good deed we may increase their pleasure in doing such deeds on their own
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